Melt and Dcast

library(gapminder) 
library(reshape2)
library(dplyr)
## 
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'
## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter, lag
## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
## 
##     intersect, setdiff, setequal, union
df <- select(gapminder, country, year, lifeExp)

#Long to wide format:
df_wide <- df %>% dcast(country~year)
## Using lifeExp as value column: use value.var to override.
df_wide
##                      country   1952     1957     1962     1967     1972
## 1                Afghanistan 28.801 30.33200 31.99700 34.02000 36.08800
## 2                    Albania 55.230 59.28000 64.82000 66.22000 67.69000
## 3                    Algeria 43.077 45.68500 48.30300 51.40700 54.51800
## 4                     Angola 30.015 31.99900 34.00000 35.98500 37.92800
## 5                  Argentina 62.485 64.39900 65.14200 65.63400 67.06500
## 6                  Australia 69.120 70.33000 70.93000 71.10000 71.93000
## 7                    Austria 66.800 67.48000 69.54000 70.14000 70.63000
## 8                    Bahrain 50.939 53.83200 56.92300 59.92300 63.30000
## 9                 Bangladesh 37.484 39.34800 41.21600 43.45300 45.25200
## 10                   Belgium 68.000 69.24000 70.25000 70.94000 71.44000
## 11                     Benin 38.223 40.35800 42.61800 44.88500 47.01400
## 12                   Bolivia 40.414 41.89000 43.42800 45.03200 46.71400
## 13    Bosnia and Herzegovina 53.820 58.45000 61.93000 64.79000 67.45000
## 14                  Botswana 47.622 49.61800 51.52000 53.29800 56.02400
## 15                    Brazil 50.917 53.28500 55.66500 57.63200 59.50400
## 16                  Bulgaria 59.600 66.61000 69.51000 70.42000 70.90000
## 17              Burkina Faso 31.975 34.90600 37.81400 40.69700 43.59100
## 18                   Burundi 39.031 40.53300 42.04500 43.54800 44.05700
## 19                  Cambodia 39.417 41.36600 43.41500 45.41500 40.31700
## 20                  Cameroon 38.523 40.42800 42.64300 44.79900 47.04900
## 21                    Canada 68.750 69.96000 71.30000 72.13000 72.88000
## 22  Central African Republic 35.463 37.46400 39.47500 41.47800 43.45700
## 23                      Chad 38.092 39.88100 41.71600 43.60100 45.56900
## 24                     Chile 54.745 56.07400 57.92400 60.52300 63.44100
## 25                     China 44.000 50.54896 44.50136 58.38112 63.11888
## 26                  Colombia 50.643 55.11800 57.86300 59.96300 61.62300
## 27                   Comoros 40.715 42.46000 44.46700 46.47200 48.94400
## 28          Congo, Dem. Rep. 39.143 40.65200 42.12200 44.05600 45.98900
## 29               Congo, Rep. 42.111 45.05300 48.43500 52.04000 54.90700
## 30                Costa Rica 57.206 60.02600 62.84200 65.42400 67.84900
## 31             Cote d'Ivoire 40.477 42.46900 44.93000 47.35000 49.80100
## 32                   Croatia 61.210 64.77000 67.13000 68.50000 69.61000
## 33                      Cuba 59.421 62.32500 65.24600 68.29000 70.72300
## 34            Czech Republic 66.870 69.03000 69.90000 70.38000 70.29000
## 35                   Denmark 70.780 71.81000 72.35000 72.96000 73.47000
## 36                  Djibouti 34.812 37.32800 39.69300 42.07400 44.36600
## 37        Dominican Republic 45.928 49.82800 53.45900 56.75100 59.63100
## 38                   Ecuador 48.357 51.35600 54.64000 56.67800 58.79600
## 39                     Egypt 41.893 44.44400 46.99200 49.29300 51.13700
## 40               El Salvador 45.262 48.57000 52.30700 55.85500 58.20700
## 41         Equatorial Guinea 34.482 35.98300 37.48500 38.98700 40.51600
## 42                   Eritrea 35.928 38.04700 40.15800 42.18900 44.14200
## 43                  Ethiopia 34.078 36.66700 40.05900 42.11500 43.51500
## 44                   Finland 66.550 67.49000 68.75000 69.83000 70.87000
## 45                    France 67.410 68.93000 70.51000 71.55000 72.38000
## 46                     Gabon 37.003 38.99900 40.48900 44.59800 48.69000
## 47                    Gambia 30.000 32.06500 33.89600 35.85700 38.30800
## 48                   Germany 67.500 69.10000 70.30000 70.80000 71.00000
## 49                     Ghana 43.149 44.77900 46.45200 48.07200 49.87500
## 50                    Greece 65.860 67.86000 69.51000 71.00000 72.34000
## 51                 Guatemala 42.023 44.14200 46.95400 50.01600 53.73800
## 52                    Guinea 33.609 34.55800 35.75300 37.19700 38.84200
## 53             Guinea-Bissau 32.500 33.48900 34.48800 35.49200 36.48600
## 54                     Haiti 37.579 40.69600 43.59000 46.24300 48.04200
## 55                  Honduras 41.912 44.66500 48.04100 50.92400 53.88400
## 56          Hong Kong, China 60.960 64.75000 67.65000 70.00000 72.00000
## 57                   Hungary 64.030 66.41000 67.96000 69.50000 69.76000
## 58                   Iceland 72.490 73.47000 73.68000 73.73000 74.46000
## 59                     India 37.373 40.24900 43.60500 47.19300 50.65100
## 60                 Indonesia 37.468 39.91800 42.51800 45.96400 49.20300
## 61                      Iran 44.869 47.18100 49.32500 52.46900 55.23400
## 62                      Iraq 45.320 48.43700 51.45700 54.45900 56.95000
## 63                   Ireland 66.910 68.90000 70.29000 71.08000 71.28000
## 64                    Israel 65.390 67.84000 69.39000 70.75000 71.63000
## 65                     Italy 65.940 67.81000 69.24000 71.06000 72.19000
## 66                   Jamaica 58.530 62.61000 65.61000 67.51000 69.00000
## 67                     Japan 63.030 65.50000 68.73000 71.43000 73.42000
## 68                    Jordan 43.158 45.66900 48.12600 51.62900 56.52800
## 69                     Kenya 42.270 44.68600 47.94900 50.65400 53.55900
## 70          Korea, Dem. Rep. 50.056 54.08100 56.65600 59.94200 63.98300
## 71               Korea, Rep. 47.453 52.68100 55.29200 57.71600 62.61200
## 72                    Kuwait 55.565 58.03300 60.47000 64.62400 67.71200
## 73                   Lebanon 55.928 59.48900 62.09400 63.87000 65.42100
## 74                   Lesotho 42.138 45.04700 47.74700 48.49200 49.76700
## 75                   Liberia 38.480 39.48600 40.50200 41.53600 42.61400
## 76                     Libya 42.723 45.28900 47.80800 50.22700 52.77300
## 77                Madagascar 36.681 38.86500 40.84800 42.88100 44.85100
## 78                    Malawi 36.256 37.20700 38.41000 39.48700 41.76600
## 79                  Malaysia 48.463 52.10200 55.73700 59.37100 63.01000
## 80                      Mali 33.685 35.30700 36.93600 38.48700 39.97700
## 81                Mauritania 40.543 42.33800 44.24800 46.28900 48.43700
## 82                 Mauritius 50.986 58.08900 60.24600 61.55700 62.94400
## 83                    Mexico 50.789 55.19000 58.29900 60.11000 62.36100
## 84                  Mongolia 42.244 45.24800 48.25100 51.25300 53.75400
## 85                Montenegro 59.164 61.44800 63.72800 67.17800 70.63600
## 86                   Morocco 42.873 45.42300 47.92400 50.33500 52.86200
## 87                Mozambique 31.286 33.77900 36.16100 38.11300 40.32800
## 88                   Myanmar 36.319 41.90500 45.10800 49.37900 53.07000
## 89                   Namibia 41.725 45.22600 48.38600 51.15900 53.86700
## 90                     Nepal 36.157 37.68600 39.39300 41.47200 43.97100
## 91               Netherlands 72.130 72.99000 73.23000 73.82000 73.75000
## 92               New Zealand 69.390 70.26000 71.24000 71.52000 71.89000
## 93                 Nicaragua 42.314 45.43200 48.63200 51.88400 55.15100
## 94                     Niger 37.444 38.59800 39.48700 40.11800 40.54600
## 95                   Nigeria 36.324 37.80200 39.36000 41.04000 42.82100
## 96                    Norway 72.670 73.44000 73.47000 74.08000 74.34000
## 97                      Oman 37.578 40.08000 43.16500 46.98800 52.14300
## 98                  Pakistan 43.436 45.55700 47.67000 49.80000 51.92900
## 99                    Panama 55.191 59.20100 61.81700 64.07100 66.21600
## 100                 Paraguay 62.649 63.19600 64.36100 64.95100 65.81500
## 101                     Peru 43.902 46.26300 49.09600 51.44500 55.44800
## 102              Philippines 47.752 51.33400 54.75700 56.39300 58.06500
## 103                   Poland 61.310 65.77000 67.64000 69.61000 70.85000
## 104                 Portugal 59.820 61.51000 64.39000 66.60000 69.26000
## 105              Puerto Rico 64.280 68.54000 69.62000 71.10000 72.16000
## 106                  Reunion 52.724 55.09000 57.66600 60.54200 64.27400
## 107                  Romania 61.050 64.10000 66.80000 66.80000 69.21000
## 108                   Rwanda 40.000 41.50000 43.00000 44.10000 44.60000
## 109    Sao Tome and Principe 46.471 48.94500 51.89300 54.42500 56.48000
## 110             Saudi Arabia 39.875 42.86800 45.91400 49.90100 53.88600
## 111                  Senegal 37.278 39.32900 41.45400 43.56300 45.81500
## 112                   Serbia 57.996 61.68500 64.53100 66.91400 68.70000
## 113             Sierra Leone 30.331 31.57000 32.76700 34.11300 35.40000
## 114                Singapore 60.396 63.17900 65.79800 67.94600 69.52100
## 115          Slovak Republic 64.360 67.45000 70.33000 70.98000 70.35000
## 116                 Slovenia 65.570 67.85000 69.15000 69.18000 69.82000
## 117                  Somalia 32.978 34.97700 36.98100 38.97700 40.97300
## 118             South Africa 45.009 47.98500 49.95100 51.92700 53.69600
## 119                    Spain 64.940 66.66000 69.69000 71.44000 73.06000
## 120                Sri Lanka 57.593 61.45600 62.19200 64.26600 65.04200
## 121                    Sudan 38.635 39.62400 40.87000 42.85800 45.08300
## 122                Swaziland 41.407 43.42400 44.99200 46.63300 49.55200
## 123                   Sweden 71.860 72.49000 73.37000 74.16000 74.72000
## 124              Switzerland 69.620 70.56000 71.32000 72.77000 73.78000
## 125                    Syria 45.883 48.28400 50.30500 53.65500 57.29600
## 126                   Taiwan 58.500 62.40000 65.20000 67.50000 69.39000
## 127                 Tanzania 41.215 42.97400 44.24600 45.75700 47.62000
## 128                 Thailand 50.848 53.63000 56.06100 58.28500 60.40500
## 129                     Togo 38.596 41.20800 43.92200 46.76900 49.75900
## 130      Trinidad and Tobago 59.100 61.80000 64.90000 65.40000 65.90000
## 131                  Tunisia 44.600 47.10000 49.57900 52.05300 55.60200
## 132                   Turkey 43.585 48.07900 52.09800 54.33600 57.00500
## 133                   Uganda 39.978 42.57100 45.34400 48.05100 51.01600
## 134           United Kingdom 69.180 70.42000 70.76000 71.36000 72.01000
## 135            United States 68.440 69.49000 70.21000 70.76000 71.34000
## 136                  Uruguay 66.071 67.04400 68.25300 68.46800 68.67300
## 137                Venezuela 55.088 57.90700 60.77000 63.47900 65.71200
## 138                  Vietnam 40.412 42.88700 45.36300 47.83800 50.25400
## 139       West Bank and Gaza 43.160 45.67100 48.12700 51.63100 56.53200
## 140              Yemen, Rep. 32.548 33.97000 35.18000 36.98400 39.84800
## 141                   Zambia 42.038 44.07700 46.02300 47.76800 50.10700
## 142                 Zimbabwe 48.451 50.46900 52.35800 53.99500 55.63500
##         1977   1982   1987   1992   1997   2002   2007
## 1   38.43800 39.854 40.822 41.674 41.763 42.129 43.828
## 2   68.93000 70.420 72.000 71.581 72.950 75.651 76.423
## 3   58.01400 61.368 65.799 67.744 69.152 70.994 72.301
## 4   39.48300 39.942 39.906 40.647 40.963 41.003 42.731
## 5   68.48100 69.942 70.774 71.868 73.275 74.340 75.320
## 6   73.49000 74.740 76.320 77.560 78.830 80.370 81.235
## 7   72.17000 73.180 74.940 76.040 77.510 78.980 79.829
## 8   65.59300 69.052 70.750 72.601 73.925 74.795 75.635
## 9   46.92300 50.009 52.819 56.018 59.412 62.013 64.062
## 10  72.80000 73.930 75.350 76.460 77.530 78.320 79.441
## 11  49.19000 50.904 52.337 53.919 54.777 54.406 56.728
## 12  50.02300 53.859 57.251 59.957 62.050 63.883 65.554
## 13  69.86000 70.690 71.140 72.178 73.244 74.090 74.852
## 14  59.31900 61.484 63.622 62.745 52.556 46.634 50.728
## 15  61.48900 63.336 65.205 67.057 69.388 71.006 72.390
## 16  70.81000 71.080 71.340 71.190 70.320 72.140 73.005
## 17  46.13700 48.122 49.557 50.260 50.324 50.650 52.295
## 18  45.91000 47.471 48.211 44.736 45.326 47.360 49.580
## 19  31.22000 50.957 53.914 55.803 56.534 56.752 59.723
## 20  49.35500 52.961 54.985 54.314 52.199 49.856 50.430
## 21  74.21000 75.760 76.860 77.950 78.610 79.770 80.653
## 22  46.77500 48.295 50.485 49.396 46.066 43.308 44.741
## 23  47.38300 49.517 51.051 51.724 51.573 50.525 50.651
## 24  67.05200 70.565 72.492 74.126 75.816 77.860 78.553
## 25  63.96736 65.525 67.274 68.690 70.426 72.028 72.961
## 26  63.83700 66.653 67.768 68.421 70.313 71.682 72.889
## 27  50.93900 52.933 54.926 57.939 60.660 62.974 65.152
## 28  47.80400 47.784 47.412 45.548 42.587 44.966 46.462
## 29  55.62500 56.695 57.470 56.433 52.962 52.970 55.322
## 30  70.75000 73.450 74.752 75.713 77.260 78.123 78.782
## 31  52.37400 53.983 54.655 52.044 47.991 46.832 48.328
## 32  70.64000 70.460 71.520 72.527 73.680 74.876 75.748
## 33  72.64900 73.717 74.174 74.414 76.151 77.158 78.273
## 34  70.71000 70.960 71.580 72.400 74.010 75.510 76.486
## 35  74.69000 74.630 74.800 75.330 76.110 77.180 78.332
## 36  46.51900 48.812 50.040 51.604 53.157 53.373 54.791
## 37  61.78800 63.727 66.046 68.457 69.957 70.847 72.235
## 38  61.31000 64.342 67.231 69.613 72.312 74.173 74.994
## 39  53.31900 56.006 59.797 63.674 67.217 69.806 71.338
## 40  56.69600 56.604 63.154 66.798 69.535 70.734 71.878
## 41  42.02400 43.662 45.664 47.545 48.245 49.348 51.579
## 42  44.53500 43.890 46.453 49.991 53.378 55.240 58.040
## 43  44.51000 44.916 46.684 48.091 49.402 50.725 52.947
## 44  72.52000 74.550 74.830 75.700 77.130 78.370 79.313
## 45  73.83000 74.890 76.340 77.460 78.640 79.590 80.657
## 46  52.79000 56.564 60.190 61.366 60.461 56.761 56.735
## 47  41.84200 45.580 49.265 52.644 55.861 58.041 59.448
## 48  72.50000 73.800 74.847 76.070 77.340 78.670 79.406
## 49  51.75600 53.744 55.729 57.501 58.556 58.453 60.022
## 50  73.68000 75.240 76.670 77.030 77.869 78.256 79.483
## 51  56.02900 58.137 60.782 63.373 66.322 68.978 70.259
## 52  40.76200 42.891 45.552 48.576 51.455 53.676 56.007
## 53  37.46500 39.327 41.245 43.266 44.873 45.504 46.388
## 54  49.92300 51.461 53.636 55.089 56.671 58.137 60.916
## 55  57.40200 60.909 64.492 66.399 67.659 68.565 70.198
## 56  73.60000 75.450 76.200 77.601 80.000 81.495 82.208
## 57  69.95000 69.390 69.580 69.170 71.040 72.590 73.338
## 58  76.11000 76.990 77.230 78.770 78.950 80.500 81.757
## 59  54.20800 56.596 58.553 60.223 61.765 62.879 64.698
## 60  52.70200 56.159 60.137 62.681 66.041 68.588 70.650
## 61  57.70200 59.620 63.040 65.742 68.042 69.451 70.964
## 62  60.41300 62.038 65.044 59.461 58.811 57.046 59.545
## 63  72.03000 73.100 74.360 75.467 76.122 77.783 78.885
## 64  73.06000 74.450 75.600 76.930 78.269 79.696 80.745
## 65  73.48000 74.980 76.420 77.440 78.820 80.240 80.546
## 66  70.11000 71.210 71.770 71.766 72.262 72.047 72.567
## 67  75.38000 77.110 78.670 79.360 80.690 82.000 82.603
## 68  61.13400 63.739 65.869 68.015 69.772 71.263 72.535
## 69  56.15500 58.766 59.339 59.285 54.407 50.992 54.110
## 70  67.15900 69.100 70.647 69.978 67.727 66.662 67.297
## 71  64.76600 67.123 69.810 72.244 74.647 77.045 78.623
## 72  69.34300 71.309 74.174 75.190 76.156 76.904 77.588
## 73  66.09900 66.983 67.926 69.292 70.265 71.028 71.993
## 74  52.20800 55.078 57.180 59.685 55.558 44.593 42.592
## 75  43.76400 44.852 46.027 40.802 42.221 43.753 45.678
## 76  57.44200 62.155 66.234 68.755 71.555 72.737 73.952
## 77  46.88100 48.969 49.350 52.214 54.978 57.286 59.443
## 78  43.76700 45.642 47.457 49.420 47.495 45.009 48.303
## 79  65.25600 68.000 69.500 70.693 71.938 73.044 74.241
## 80  41.71400 43.916 46.364 48.388 49.903 51.818 54.467
## 81  50.85200 53.599 56.145 58.333 60.430 62.247 64.164
## 82  64.93000 66.711 68.740 69.745 70.736 71.954 72.801
## 83  65.03200 67.405 69.498 71.455 73.670 74.902 76.195
## 84  55.49100 57.489 60.222 61.271 63.625 65.033 66.803
## 85  73.06600 74.101 74.865 75.435 75.445 73.981 74.543
## 86  55.73000 59.650 62.677 65.393 67.660 69.615 71.164
## 87  42.49500 42.795 42.861 44.284 46.344 44.026 42.082
## 88  56.05900 58.056 58.339 59.320 60.328 59.908 62.069
## 89  56.43700 58.968 60.835 61.999 58.909 51.479 52.906
## 90  46.74800 49.594 52.537 55.727 59.426 61.340 63.785
## 91  75.24000 76.050 76.830 77.420 78.030 78.530 79.762
## 92  72.22000 73.840 74.320 76.330 77.550 79.110 80.204
## 93  57.47000 59.298 62.008 65.843 68.426 70.836 72.899
## 94  41.29100 42.598 44.555 47.391 51.313 54.496 56.867
## 95  44.51400 45.826 46.886 47.472 47.464 46.608 46.859
## 96  75.37000 75.970 75.890 77.320 78.320 79.050 80.196
## 97  57.36700 62.728 67.734 71.197 72.499 74.193 75.640
## 98  54.04300 56.158 58.245 60.838 61.818 63.610 65.483
## 99  68.68100 70.472 71.523 72.462 73.738 74.712 75.537
## 100 66.35300 66.874 67.378 68.225 69.400 70.755 71.752
## 101 58.44700 61.406 64.134 66.458 68.386 69.906 71.421
## 102 60.06000 62.082 64.151 66.458 68.564 70.303 71.688
## 103 70.67000 71.320 70.980 70.990 72.750 74.670 75.563
## 104 70.41000 72.770 74.060 74.860 75.970 77.290 78.098
## 105 73.44000 73.750 74.630 73.911 74.917 77.778 78.746
## 106 67.06400 69.885 71.913 73.615 74.772 75.744 76.442
## 107 69.46000 69.660 69.530 69.360 69.720 71.322 72.476
## 108 45.00000 46.218 44.020 23.599 36.087 43.413 46.242
## 109 58.55000 60.351 61.728 62.742 63.306 64.337 65.528
## 110 58.69000 63.012 66.295 68.768 70.533 71.626 72.777
## 111 48.87900 52.379 55.769 58.196 60.187 61.600 63.062
## 112 70.30000 70.162 71.218 71.659 72.232 73.213 74.002
## 113 36.78800 38.445 40.006 38.333 39.897 41.012 42.568
## 114 70.79500 71.760 73.560 75.788 77.158 78.770 79.972
## 115 70.45000 70.800 71.080 71.380 72.710 73.800 74.663
## 116 70.97000 71.063 72.250 73.640 75.130 76.660 77.926
## 117 41.97400 42.955 44.501 39.658 43.795 45.936 48.159
## 118 55.52700 58.161 60.834 61.888 60.236 53.365 49.339
## 119 74.39000 76.300 76.900 77.570 78.770 79.780 80.941
## 120 65.94900 68.757 69.011 70.379 70.457 70.815 72.396
## 121 47.80000 50.338 51.744 53.556 55.373 56.369 58.556
## 122 52.53700 55.561 57.678 58.474 54.289 43.869 39.613
## 123 75.44000 76.420 77.190 78.160 79.390 80.040 80.884
## 124 75.39000 76.210 77.410 78.030 79.370 80.620 81.701
## 125 61.19500 64.590 66.974 69.249 71.527 73.053 74.143
## 126 70.59000 72.160 73.400 74.260 75.250 76.990 78.400
## 127 49.91900 50.608 51.535 50.440 48.466 49.651 52.517
## 128 62.49400 64.597 66.084 67.298 67.521 68.564 70.616
## 129 52.88700 55.471 56.941 58.061 58.390 57.561 58.420
## 130 68.30000 68.832 69.582 69.862 69.465 68.976 69.819
## 131 59.83700 64.048 66.894 70.001 71.973 73.042 73.923
## 132 59.50700 61.036 63.108 66.146 68.835 70.845 71.777
## 133 50.35000 49.849 51.509 48.825 44.578 47.813 51.542
## 134 72.76000 74.040 75.007 76.420 77.218 78.471 79.425
## 135 73.38000 74.650 75.020 76.090 76.810 77.310 78.242
## 136 69.48100 70.805 71.918 72.752 74.223 75.307 76.384
## 137 67.45600 68.557 70.190 71.150 72.146 72.766 73.747
## 138 55.76400 58.816 62.820 67.662 70.672 73.017 74.249
## 139 60.76500 64.406 67.046 69.718 71.096 72.370 73.422
## 140 44.17500 49.113 52.922 55.599 58.020 60.308 62.698
## 141 51.38600 51.821 50.821 46.100 40.238 39.193 42.384
## 142 57.67400 60.363 62.351 60.377 46.809 39.989 43.487
#Wide to long format:
df_long <- melt(df_wide, variable.name="year",
    value.name="lifeExp" )
## Using country as id variables
df_long
##                       country year  lifeExp
## 1                 Afghanistan 1952 28.80100
## 2                     Albania 1952 55.23000
## 3                     Algeria 1952 43.07700
## 4                      Angola 1952 30.01500
## 5                   Argentina 1952 62.48500
## 6                   Australia 1952 69.12000
## 7                     Austria 1952 66.80000
## 8                     Bahrain 1952 50.93900
## 9                  Bangladesh 1952 37.48400
## 10                    Belgium 1952 68.00000
## 11                      Benin 1952 38.22300
## 12                    Bolivia 1952 40.41400
## 13     Bosnia and Herzegovina 1952 53.82000
## 14                   Botswana 1952 47.62200
## 15                     Brazil 1952 50.91700
## 16                   Bulgaria 1952 59.60000
## 17               Burkina Faso 1952 31.97500
## 18                    Burundi 1952 39.03100
## 19                   Cambodia 1952 39.41700
## 20                   Cameroon 1952 38.52300
## 21                     Canada 1952 68.75000
## 22   Central African Republic 1952 35.46300
## 23                       Chad 1952 38.09200
## 24                      Chile 1952 54.74500
## 25                      China 1952 44.00000
## 26                   Colombia 1952 50.64300
## 27                    Comoros 1952 40.71500
## 28           Congo, Dem. Rep. 1952 39.14300
## 29                Congo, Rep. 1952 42.11100
## 30                 Costa Rica 1952 57.20600
## 31              Cote d'Ivoire 1952 40.47700
## 32                    Croatia 1952 61.21000
## 33                       Cuba 1952 59.42100
## 34             Czech Republic 1952 66.87000
## 35                    Denmark 1952 70.78000
## 36                   Djibouti 1952 34.81200
## 37         Dominican Republic 1952 45.92800
## 38                    Ecuador 1952 48.35700
## 39                      Egypt 1952 41.89300
## 40                El Salvador 1952 45.26200
## 41          Equatorial Guinea 1952 34.48200
## 42                    Eritrea 1952 35.92800
## 43                   Ethiopia 1952 34.07800
## 44                    Finland 1952 66.55000
## 45                     France 1952 67.41000
## 46                      Gabon 1952 37.00300
## 47                     Gambia 1952 30.00000
## 48                    Germany 1952 67.50000
## 49                      Ghana 1952 43.14900
## 50                     Greece 1952 65.86000
## 51                  Guatemala 1952 42.02300
## 52                     Guinea 1952 33.60900
## 53              Guinea-Bissau 1952 32.50000
## 54                      Haiti 1952 37.57900
## 55                   Honduras 1952 41.91200
## 56           Hong Kong, China 1952 60.96000
## 57                    Hungary 1952 64.03000
## 58                    Iceland 1952 72.49000
## 59                      India 1952 37.37300
## 60                  Indonesia 1952 37.46800
## 61                       Iran 1952 44.86900
## 62                       Iraq 1952 45.32000
## 63                    Ireland 1952 66.91000
## 64                     Israel 1952 65.39000
## 65                      Italy 1952 65.94000
## 66                    Jamaica 1952 58.53000
## 67                      Japan 1952 63.03000
## 68                     Jordan 1952 43.15800
## 69                      Kenya 1952 42.27000
## 70           Korea, Dem. Rep. 1952 50.05600
## 71                Korea, Rep. 1952 47.45300
## 72                     Kuwait 1952 55.56500
## 73                    Lebanon 1952 55.92800
## 74                    Lesotho 1952 42.13800
## 75                    Liberia 1952 38.48000
## 76                      Libya 1952 42.72300
## 77                 Madagascar 1952 36.68100
## 78                     Malawi 1952 36.25600
## 79                   Malaysia 1952 48.46300
## 80                       Mali 1952 33.68500
## 81                 Mauritania 1952 40.54300
## 82                  Mauritius 1952 50.98600
## 83                     Mexico 1952 50.78900
## 84                   Mongolia 1952 42.24400
## 85                 Montenegro 1952 59.16400
## 86                    Morocco 1952 42.87300
## 87                 Mozambique 1952 31.28600
## 88                    Myanmar 1952 36.31900
## 89                    Namibia 1952 41.72500
## 90                      Nepal 1952 36.15700
## 91                Netherlands 1952 72.13000
## 92                New Zealand 1952 69.39000
## 93                  Nicaragua 1952 42.31400
## 94                      Niger 1952 37.44400
## 95                    Nigeria 1952 36.32400
## 96                     Norway 1952 72.67000
## 97                       Oman 1952 37.57800
## 98                   Pakistan 1952 43.43600
## 99                     Panama 1952 55.19100
## 100                  Paraguay 1952 62.64900
## 101                      Peru 1952 43.90200
## 102               Philippines 1952 47.75200
## 103                    Poland 1952 61.31000
## 104                  Portugal 1952 59.82000
## 105               Puerto Rico 1952 64.28000
## 106                   Reunion 1952 52.72400
## 107                   Romania 1952 61.05000
## 108                    Rwanda 1952 40.00000
## 109     Sao Tome and Principe 1952 46.47100
## 110              Saudi Arabia 1952 39.87500
## 111                   Senegal 1952 37.27800
## 112                    Serbia 1952 57.99600
## 113              Sierra Leone 1952 30.33100
## 114                 Singapore 1952 60.39600
## 115           Slovak Republic 1952 64.36000
## 116                  Slovenia 1952 65.57000
## 117                   Somalia 1952 32.97800
## 118              South Africa 1952 45.00900
## 119                     Spain 1952 64.94000
## 120                 Sri Lanka 1952 57.59300
## 121                     Sudan 1952 38.63500
## 122                 Swaziland 1952 41.40700
## 123                    Sweden 1952 71.86000
## 124               Switzerland 1952 69.62000
## 125                     Syria 1952 45.88300
## 126                    Taiwan 1952 58.50000
## 127                  Tanzania 1952 41.21500
## 128                  Thailand 1952 50.84800
## 129                      Togo 1952 38.59600
## 130       Trinidad and Tobago 1952 59.10000
## 131                   Tunisia 1952 44.60000
## 132                    Turkey 1952 43.58500
## 133                    Uganda 1952 39.97800
## 134            United Kingdom 1952 69.18000
## 135             United States 1952 68.44000
## 136                   Uruguay 1952 66.07100
## 137                 Venezuela 1952 55.08800
## 138                   Vietnam 1952 40.41200
## 139        West Bank and Gaza 1952 43.16000
## 140               Yemen, Rep. 1952 32.54800
## 141                    Zambia 1952 42.03800
## 142                  Zimbabwe 1952 48.45100
## 143               Afghanistan 1957 30.33200
## 144                   Albania 1957 59.28000
## 145                   Algeria 1957 45.68500
## 146                    Angola 1957 31.99900
## 147                 Argentina 1957 64.39900
## 148                 Australia 1957 70.33000
## 149                   Austria 1957 67.48000
## 150                   Bahrain 1957 53.83200
## 151                Bangladesh 1957 39.34800
## 152                   Belgium 1957 69.24000
## 153                     Benin 1957 40.35800
## 154                   Bolivia 1957 41.89000
## 155    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1957 58.45000
## 156                  Botswana 1957 49.61800
## 157                    Brazil 1957 53.28500
## 158                  Bulgaria 1957 66.61000
## 159              Burkina Faso 1957 34.90600
## 160                   Burundi 1957 40.53300
## 161                  Cambodia 1957 41.36600
## 162                  Cameroon 1957 40.42800
## 163                    Canada 1957 69.96000
## 164  Central African Republic 1957 37.46400
## 165                      Chad 1957 39.88100
## 166                     Chile 1957 56.07400
## 167                     China 1957 50.54896
## 168                  Colombia 1957 55.11800
## 169                   Comoros 1957 42.46000
## 170          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1957 40.65200
## 171               Congo, Rep. 1957 45.05300
## 172                Costa Rica 1957 60.02600
## 173             Cote d'Ivoire 1957 42.46900
## 174                   Croatia 1957 64.77000
## 175                      Cuba 1957 62.32500
## 176            Czech Republic 1957 69.03000
## 177                   Denmark 1957 71.81000
## 178                  Djibouti 1957 37.32800
## 179        Dominican Republic 1957 49.82800
## 180                   Ecuador 1957 51.35600
## 181                     Egypt 1957 44.44400
## 182               El Salvador 1957 48.57000
## 183         Equatorial Guinea 1957 35.98300
## 184                   Eritrea 1957 38.04700
## 185                  Ethiopia 1957 36.66700
## 186                   Finland 1957 67.49000
## 187                    France 1957 68.93000
## 188                     Gabon 1957 38.99900
## 189                    Gambia 1957 32.06500
## 190                   Germany 1957 69.10000
## 191                     Ghana 1957 44.77900
## 192                    Greece 1957 67.86000
## 193                 Guatemala 1957 44.14200
## 194                    Guinea 1957 34.55800
## 195             Guinea-Bissau 1957 33.48900
## 196                     Haiti 1957 40.69600
## 197                  Honduras 1957 44.66500
## 198          Hong Kong, China 1957 64.75000
## 199                   Hungary 1957 66.41000
## 200                   Iceland 1957 73.47000
## 201                     India 1957 40.24900
## 202                 Indonesia 1957 39.91800
## 203                      Iran 1957 47.18100
## 204                      Iraq 1957 48.43700
## 205                   Ireland 1957 68.90000
## 206                    Israel 1957 67.84000
## 207                     Italy 1957 67.81000
## 208                   Jamaica 1957 62.61000
## 209                     Japan 1957 65.50000
## 210                    Jordan 1957 45.66900
## 211                     Kenya 1957 44.68600
## 212          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1957 54.08100
## 213               Korea, Rep. 1957 52.68100
## 214                    Kuwait 1957 58.03300
## 215                   Lebanon 1957 59.48900
## 216                   Lesotho 1957 45.04700
## 217                   Liberia 1957 39.48600
## 218                     Libya 1957 45.28900
## 219                Madagascar 1957 38.86500
## 220                    Malawi 1957 37.20700
## 221                  Malaysia 1957 52.10200
## 222                      Mali 1957 35.30700
## 223                Mauritania 1957 42.33800
## 224                 Mauritius 1957 58.08900
## 225                    Mexico 1957 55.19000
## 226                  Mongolia 1957 45.24800
## 227                Montenegro 1957 61.44800
## 228                   Morocco 1957 45.42300
## 229                Mozambique 1957 33.77900
## 230                   Myanmar 1957 41.90500
## 231                   Namibia 1957 45.22600
## 232                     Nepal 1957 37.68600
## 233               Netherlands 1957 72.99000
## 234               New Zealand 1957 70.26000
## 235                 Nicaragua 1957 45.43200
## 236                     Niger 1957 38.59800
## 237                   Nigeria 1957 37.80200
## 238                    Norway 1957 73.44000
## 239                      Oman 1957 40.08000
## 240                  Pakistan 1957 45.55700
## 241                    Panama 1957 59.20100
## 242                  Paraguay 1957 63.19600
## 243                      Peru 1957 46.26300
## 244               Philippines 1957 51.33400
## 245                    Poland 1957 65.77000
## 246                  Portugal 1957 61.51000
## 247               Puerto Rico 1957 68.54000
## 248                   Reunion 1957 55.09000
## 249                   Romania 1957 64.10000
## 250                    Rwanda 1957 41.50000
## 251     Sao Tome and Principe 1957 48.94500
## 252              Saudi Arabia 1957 42.86800
## 253                   Senegal 1957 39.32900
## 254                    Serbia 1957 61.68500
## 255              Sierra Leone 1957 31.57000
## 256                 Singapore 1957 63.17900
## 257           Slovak Republic 1957 67.45000
## 258                  Slovenia 1957 67.85000
## 259                   Somalia 1957 34.97700
## 260              South Africa 1957 47.98500
## 261                     Spain 1957 66.66000
## 262                 Sri Lanka 1957 61.45600
## 263                     Sudan 1957 39.62400
## 264                 Swaziland 1957 43.42400
## 265                    Sweden 1957 72.49000
## 266               Switzerland 1957 70.56000
## 267                     Syria 1957 48.28400
## 268                    Taiwan 1957 62.40000
## 269                  Tanzania 1957 42.97400
## 270                  Thailand 1957 53.63000
## 271                      Togo 1957 41.20800
## 272       Trinidad and Tobago 1957 61.80000
## 273                   Tunisia 1957 47.10000
## 274                    Turkey 1957 48.07900
## 275                    Uganda 1957 42.57100
## 276            United Kingdom 1957 70.42000
## 277             United States 1957 69.49000
## 278                   Uruguay 1957 67.04400
## 279                 Venezuela 1957 57.90700
## 280                   Vietnam 1957 42.88700
## 281        West Bank and Gaza 1957 45.67100
## 282               Yemen, Rep. 1957 33.97000
## 283                    Zambia 1957 44.07700
## 284                  Zimbabwe 1957 50.46900
## 285               Afghanistan 1962 31.99700
## 286                   Albania 1962 64.82000
## 287                   Algeria 1962 48.30300
## 288                    Angola 1962 34.00000
## 289                 Argentina 1962 65.14200
## 290                 Australia 1962 70.93000
## 291                   Austria 1962 69.54000
## 292                   Bahrain 1962 56.92300
## 293                Bangladesh 1962 41.21600
## 294                   Belgium 1962 70.25000
## 295                     Benin 1962 42.61800
## 296                   Bolivia 1962 43.42800
## 297    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1962 61.93000
## 298                  Botswana 1962 51.52000
## 299                    Brazil 1962 55.66500
## 300                  Bulgaria 1962 69.51000
## 301              Burkina Faso 1962 37.81400
## 302                   Burundi 1962 42.04500
## 303                  Cambodia 1962 43.41500
## 304                  Cameroon 1962 42.64300
## 305                    Canada 1962 71.30000
## 306  Central African Republic 1962 39.47500
## 307                      Chad 1962 41.71600
## 308                     Chile 1962 57.92400
## 309                     China 1962 44.50136
## 310                  Colombia 1962 57.86300
## 311                   Comoros 1962 44.46700
## 312          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1962 42.12200
## 313               Congo, Rep. 1962 48.43500
## 314                Costa Rica 1962 62.84200
## 315             Cote d'Ivoire 1962 44.93000
## 316                   Croatia 1962 67.13000
## 317                      Cuba 1962 65.24600
## 318            Czech Republic 1962 69.90000
## 319                   Denmark 1962 72.35000
## 320                  Djibouti 1962 39.69300
## 321        Dominican Republic 1962 53.45900
## 322                   Ecuador 1962 54.64000
## 323                     Egypt 1962 46.99200
## 324               El Salvador 1962 52.30700
## 325         Equatorial Guinea 1962 37.48500
## 326                   Eritrea 1962 40.15800
## 327                  Ethiopia 1962 40.05900
## 328                   Finland 1962 68.75000
## 329                    France 1962 70.51000
## 330                     Gabon 1962 40.48900
## 331                    Gambia 1962 33.89600
## 332                   Germany 1962 70.30000
## 333                     Ghana 1962 46.45200
## 334                    Greece 1962 69.51000
## 335                 Guatemala 1962 46.95400
## 336                    Guinea 1962 35.75300
## 337             Guinea-Bissau 1962 34.48800
## 338                     Haiti 1962 43.59000
## 339                  Honduras 1962 48.04100
## 340          Hong Kong, China 1962 67.65000
## 341                   Hungary 1962 67.96000
## 342                   Iceland 1962 73.68000
## 343                     India 1962 43.60500
## 344                 Indonesia 1962 42.51800
## 345                      Iran 1962 49.32500
## 346                      Iraq 1962 51.45700
## 347                   Ireland 1962 70.29000
## 348                    Israel 1962 69.39000
## 349                     Italy 1962 69.24000
## 350                   Jamaica 1962 65.61000
## 351                     Japan 1962 68.73000
## 352                    Jordan 1962 48.12600
## 353                     Kenya 1962 47.94900
## 354          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1962 56.65600
## 355               Korea, Rep. 1962 55.29200
## 356                    Kuwait 1962 60.47000
## 357                   Lebanon 1962 62.09400
## 358                   Lesotho 1962 47.74700
## 359                   Liberia 1962 40.50200
## 360                     Libya 1962 47.80800
## 361                Madagascar 1962 40.84800
## 362                    Malawi 1962 38.41000
## 363                  Malaysia 1962 55.73700
## 364                      Mali 1962 36.93600
## 365                Mauritania 1962 44.24800
## 366                 Mauritius 1962 60.24600
## 367                    Mexico 1962 58.29900
## 368                  Mongolia 1962 48.25100
## 369                Montenegro 1962 63.72800
## 370                   Morocco 1962 47.92400
## 371                Mozambique 1962 36.16100
## 372                   Myanmar 1962 45.10800
## 373                   Namibia 1962 48.38600
## 374                     Nepal 1962 39.39300
## 375               Netherlands 1962 73.23000
## 376               New Zealand 1962 71.24000
## 377                 Nicaragua 1962 48.63200
## 378                     Niger 1962 39.48700
## 379                   Nigeria 1962 39.36000
## 380                    Norway 1962 73.47000
## 381                      Oman 1962 43.16500
## 382                  Pakistan 1962 47.67000
## 383                    Panama 1962 61.81700
## 384                  Paraguay 1962 64.36100
## 385                      Peru 1962 49.09600
## 386               Philippines 1962 54.75700
## 387                    Poland 1962 67.64000
## 388                  Portugal 1962 64.39000
## 389               Puerto Rico 1962 69.62000
## 390                   Reunion 1962 57.66600
## 391                   Romania 1962 66.80000
## 392                    Rwanda 1962 43.00000
## 393     Sao Tome and Principe 1962 51.89300
## 394              Saudi Arabia 1962 45.91400
## 395                   Senegal 1962 41.45400
## 396                    Serbia 1962 64.53100
## 397              Sierra Leone 1962 32.76700
## 398                 Singapore 1962 65.79800
## 399           Slovak Republic 1962 70.33000
## 400                  Slovenia 1962 69.15000
## 401                   Somalia 1962 36.98100
## 402              South Africa 1962 49.95100
## 403                     Spain 1962 69.69000
## 404                 Sri Lanka 1962 62.19200
## 405                     Sudan 1962 40.87000
## 406                 Swaziland 1962 44.99200
## 407                    Sweden 1962 73.37000
## 408               Switzerland 1962 71.32000
## 409                     Syria 1962 50.30500
## 410                    Taiwan 1962 65.20000
## 411                  Tanzania 1962 44.24600
## 412                  Thailand 1962 56.06100
## 413                      Togo 1962 43.92200
## 414       Trinidad and Tobago 1962 64.90000
## 415                   Tunisia 1962 49.57900
## 416                    Turkey 1962 52.09800
## 417                    Uganda 1962 45.34400
## 418            United Kingdom 1962 70.76000
## 419             United States 1962 70.21000
## 420                   Uruguay 1962 68.25300
## 421                 Venezuela 1962 60.77000
## 422                   Vietnam 1962 45.36300
## 423        West Bank and Gaza 1962 48.12700
## 424               Yemen, Rep. 1962 35.18000
## 425                    Zambia 1962 46.02300
## 426                  Zimbabwe 1962 52.35800
## 427               Afghanistan 1967 34.02000
## 428                   Albania 1967 66.22000
## 429                   Algeria 1967 51.40700
## 430                    Angola 1967 35.98500
## 431                 Argentina 1967 65.63400
## 432                 Australia 1967 71.10000
## 433                   Austria 1967 70.14000
## 434                   Bahrain 1967 59.92300
## 435                Bangladesh 1967 43.45300
## 436                   Belgium 1967 70.94000
## 437                     Benin 1967 44.88500
## 438                   Bolivia 1967 45.03200
## 439    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1967 64.79000
## 440                  Botswana 1967 53.29800
## 441                    Brazil 1967 57.63200
## 442                  Bulgaria 1967 70.42000
## 443              Burkina Faso 1967 40.69700
## 444                   Burundi 1967 43.54800
## 445                  Cambodia 1967 45.41500
## 446                  Cameroon 1967 44.79900
## 447                    Canada 1967 72.13000
## 448  Central African Republic 1967 41.47800
## 449                      Chad 1967 43.60100
## 450                     Chile 1967 60.52300
## 451                     China 1967 58.38112
## 452                  Colombia 1967 59.96300
## 453                   Comoros 1967 46.47200
## 454          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1967 44.05600
## 455               Congo, Rep. 1967 52.04000
## 456                Costa Rica 1967 65.42400
## 457             Cote d'Ivoire 1967 47.35000
## 458                   Croatia 1967 68.50000
## 459                      Cuba 1967 68.29000
## 460            Czech Republic 1967 70.38000
## 461                   Denmark 1967 72.96000
## 462                  Djibouti 1967 42.07400
## 463        Dominican Republic 1967 56.75100
## 464                   Ecuador 1967 56.67800
## 465                     Egypt 1967 49.29300
## 466               El Salvador 1967 55.85500
## 467         Equatorial Guinea 1967 38.98700
## 468                   Eritrea 1967 42.18900
## 469                  Ethiopia 1967 42.11500
## 470                   Finland 1967 69.83000
## 471                    France 1967 71.55000
## 472                     Gabon 1967 44.59800
## 473                    Gambia 1967 35.85700
## 474                   Germany 1967 70.80000
## 475                     Ghana 1967 48.07200
## 476                    Greece 1967 71.00000
## 477                 Guatemala 1967 50.01600
## 478                    Guinea 1967 37.19700
## 479             Guinea-Bissau 1967 35.49200
## 480                     Haiti 1967 46.24300
## 481                  Honduras 1967 50.92400
## 482          Hong Kong, China 1967 70.00000
## 483                   Hungary 1967 69.50000
## 484                   Iceland 1967 73.73000
## 485                     India 1967 47.19300
## 486                 Indonesia 1967 45.96400
## 487                      Iran 1967 52.46900
## 488                      Iraq 1967 54.45900
## 489                   Ireland 1967 71.08000
## 490                    Israel 1967 70.75000
## 491                     Italy 1967 71.06000
## 492                   Jamaica 1967 67.51000
## 493                     Japan 1967 71.43000
## 494                    Jordan 1967 51.62900
## 495                     Kenya 1967 50.65400
## 496          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1967 59.94200
## 497               Korea, Rep. 1967 57.71600
## 498                    Kuwait 1967 64.62400
## 499                   Lebanon 1967 63.87000
## 500                   Lesotho 1967 48.49200
## 501                   Liberia 1967 41.53600
## 502                     Libya 1967 50.22700
## 503                Madagascar 1967 42.88100
## 504                    Malawi 1967 39.48700
## 505                  Malaysia 1967 59.37100
## 506                      Mali 1967 38.48700
## 507                Mauritania 1967 46.28900
## 508                 Mauritius 1967 61.55700
## 509                    Mexico 1967 60.11000
## 510                  Mongolia 1967 51.25300
## 511                Montenegro 1967 67.17800
## 512                   Morocco 1967 50.33500
## 513                Mozambique 1967 38.11300
## 514                   Myanmar 1967 49.37900
## 515                   Namibia 1967 51.15900
## 516                     Nepal 1967 41.47200
## 517               Netherlands 1967 73.82000
## 518               New Zealand 1967 71.52000
## 519                 Nicaragua 1967 51.88400
## 520                     Niger 1967 40.11800
## 521                   Nigeria 1967 41.04000
## 522                    Norway 1967 74.08000
## 523                      Oman 1967 46.98800
## 524                  Pakistan 1967 49.80000
## 525                    Panama 1967 64.07100
## 526                  Paraguay 1967 64.95100
## 527                      Peru 1967 51.44500
## 528               Philippines 1967 56.39300
## 529                    Poland 1967 69.61000
## 530                  Portugal 1967 66.60000
## 531               Puerto Rico 1967 71.10000
## 532                   Reunion 1967 60.54200
## 533                   Romania 1967 66.80000
## 534                    Rwanda 1967 44.10000
## 535     Sao Tome and Principe 1967 54.42500
## 536              Saudi Arabia 1967 49.90100
## 537                   Senegal 1967 43.56300
## 538                    Serbia 1967 66.91400
## 539              Sierra Leone 1967 34.11300
## 540                 Singapore 1967 67.94600
## 541           Slovak Republic 1967 70.98000
## 542                  Slovenia 1967 69.18000
## 543                   Somalia 1967 38.97700
## 544              South Africa 1967 51.92700
## 545                     Spain 1967 71.44000
## 546                 Sri Lanka 1967 64.26600
## 547                     Sudan 1967 42.85800
## 548                 Swaziland 1967 46.63300
## 549                    Sweden 1967 74.16000
## 550               Switzerland 1967 72.77000
## 551                     Syria 1967 53.65500
## 552                    Taiwan 1967 67.50000
## 553                  Tanzania 1967 45.75700
## 554                  Thailand 1967 58.28500
## 555                      Togo 1967 46.76900
## 556       Trinidad and Tobago 1967 65.40000
## 557                   Tunisia 1967 52.05300
## 558                    Turkey 1967 54.33600
## 559                    Uganda 1967 48.05100
## 560            United Kingdom 1967 71.36000
## 561             United States 1967 70.76000
## 562                   Uruguay 1967 68.46800
## 563                 Venezuela 1967 63.47900
## 564                   Vietnam 1967 47.83800
## 565        West Bank and Gaza 1967 51.63100
## 566               Yemen, Rep. 1967 36.98400
## 567                    Zambia 1967 47.76800
## 568                  Zimbabwe 1967 53.99500
## 569               Afghanistan 1972 36.08800
## 570                   Albania 1972 67.69000
## 571                   Algeria 1972 54.51800
## 572                    Angola 1972 37.92800
## 573                 Argentina 1972 67.06500
## 574                 Australia 1972 71.93000
## 575                   Austria 1972 70.63000
## 576                   Bahrain 1972 63.30000
## 577                Bangladesh 1972 45.25200
## 578                   Belgium 1972 71.44000
## 579                     Benin 1972 47.01400
## 580                   Bolivia 1972 46.71400
## 581    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1972 67.45000
## 582                  Botswana 1972 56.02400
## 583                    Brazil 1972 59.50400
## 584                  Bulgaria 1972 70.90000
## 585              Burkina Faso 1972 43.59100
## 586                   Burundi 1972 44.05700
## 587                  Cambodia 1972 40.31700
## 588                  Cameroon 1972 47.04900
## 589                    Canada 1972 72.88000
## 590  Central African Republic 1972 43.45700
## 591                      Chad 1972 45.56900
## 592                     Chile 1972 63.44100
## 593                     China 1972 63.11888
## 594                  Colombia 1972 61.62300
## 595                   Comoros 1972 48.94400
## 596          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1972 45.98900
## 597               Congo, Rep. 1972 54.90700
## 598                Costa Rica 1972 67.84900
## 599             Cote d'Ivoire 1972 49.80100
## 600                   Croatia 1972 69.61000
## 601                      Cuba 1972 70.72300
## 602            Czech Republic 1972 70.29000
## 603                   Denmark 1972 73.47000
## 604                  Djibouti 1972 44.36600
## 605        Dominican Republic 1972 59.63100
## 606                   Ecuador 1972 58.79600
## 607                     Egypt 1972 51.13700
## 608               El Salvador 1972 58.20700
## 609         Equatorial Guinea 1972 40.51600
## 610                   Eritrea 1972 44.14200
## 611                  Ethiopia 1972 43.51500
## 612                   Finland 1972 70.87000
## 613                    France 1972 72.38000
## 614                     Gabon 1972 48.69000
## 615                    Gambia 1972 38.30800
## 616                   Germany 1972 71.00000
## 617                     Ghana 1972 49.87500
## 618                    Greece 1972 72.34000
## 619                 Guatemala 1972 53.73800
## 620                    Guinea 1972 38.84200
## 621             Guinea-Bissau 1972 36.48600
## 622                     Haiti 1972 48.04200
## 623                  Honduras 1972 53.88400
## 624          Hong Kong, China 1972 72.00000
## 625                   Hungary 1972 69.76000
## 626                   Iceland 1972 74.46000
## 627                     India 1972 50.65100
## 628                 Indonesia 1972 49.20300
## 629                      Iran 1972 55.23400
## 630                      Iraq 1972 56.95000
## 631                   Ireland 1972 71.28000
## 632                    Israel 1972 71.63000
## 633                     Italy 1972 72.19000
## 634                   Jamaica 1972 69.00000
## 635                     Japan 1972 73.42000
## 636                    Jordan 1972 56.52800
## 637                     Kenya 1972 53.55900
## 638          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1972 63.98300
## 639               Korea, Rep. 1972 62.61200
## 640                    Kuwait 1972 67.71200
## 641                   Lebanon 1972 65.42100
## 642                   Lesotho 1972 49.76700
## 643                   Liberia 1972 42.61400
## 644                     Libya 1972 52.77300
## 645                Madagascar 1972 44.85100
## 646                    Malawi 1972 41.76600
## 647                  Malaysia 1972 63.01000
## 648                      Mali 1972 39.97700
## 649                Mauritania 1972 48.43700
## 650                 Mauritius 1972 62.94400
## 651                    Mexico 1972 62.36100
## 652                  Mongolia 1972 53.75400
## 653                Montenegro 1972 70.63600
## 654                   Morocco 1972 52.86200
## 655                Mozambique 1972 40.32800
## 656                   Myanmar 1972 53.07000
## 657                   Namibia 1972 53.86700
## 658                     Nepal 1972 43.97100
## 659               Netherlands 1972 73.75000
## 660               New Zealand 1972 71.89000
## 661                 Nicaragua 1972 55.15100
## 662                     Niger 1972 40.54600
## 663                   Nigeria 1972 42.82100
## 664                    Norway 1972 74.34000
## 665                      Oman 1972 52.14300
## 666                  Pakistan 1972 51.92900
## 667                    Panama 1972 66.21600
## 668                  Paraguay 1972 65.81500
## 669                      Peru 1972 55.44800
## 670               Philippines 1972 58.06500
## 671                    Poland 1972 70.85000
## 672                  Portugal 1972 69.26000
## 673               Puerto Rico 1972 72.16000
## 674                   Reunion 1972 64.27400
## 675                   Romania 1972 69.21000
## 676                    Rwanda 1972 44.60000
## 677     Sao Tome and Principe 1972 56.48000
## 678              Saudi Arabia 1972 53.88600
## 679                   Senegal 1972 45.81500
## 680                    Serbia 1972 68.70000
## 681              Sierra Leone 1972 35.40000
## 682                 Singapore 1972 69.52100
## 683           Slovak Republic 1972 70.35000
## 684                  Slovenia 1972 69.82000
## 685                   Somalia 1972 40.97300
## 686              South Africa 1972 53.69600
## 687                     Spain 1972 73.06000
## 688                 Sri Lanka 1972 65.04200
## 689                     Sudan 1972 45.08300
## 690                 Swaziland 1972 49.55200
## 691                    Sweden 1972 74.72000
## 692               Switzerland 1972 73.78000
## 693                     Syria 1972 57.29600
## 694                    Taiwan 1972 69.39000
## 695                  Tanzania 1972 47.62000
## 696                  Thailand 1972 60.40500
## 697                      Togo 1972 49.75900
## 698       Trinidad and Tobago 1972 65.90000
## 699                   Tunisia 1972 55.60200
## 700                    Turkey 1972 57.00500
## 701                    Uganda 1972 51.01600
## 702            United Kingdom 1972 72.01000
## 703             United States 1972 71.34000
## 704                   Uruguay 1972 68.67300
## 705                 Venezuela 1972 65.71200
## 706                   Vietnam 1972 50.25400
## 707        West Bank and Gaza 1972 56.53200
## 708               Yemen, Rep. 1972 39.84800
## 709                    Zambia 1972 50.10700
## 710                  Zimbabwe 1972 55.63500
## 711               Afghanistan 1977 38.43800
## 712                   Albania 1977 68.93000
## 713                   Algeria 1977 58.01400
## 714                    Angola 1977 39.48300
## 715                 Argentina 1977 68.48100
## 716                 Australia 1977 73.49000
## 717                   Austria 1977 72.17000
## 718                   Bahrain 1977 65.59300
## 719                Bangladesh 1977 46.92300
## 720                   Belgium 1977 72.80000
## 721                     Benin 1977 49.19000
## 722                   Bolivia 1977 50.02300
## 723    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1977 69.86000
## 724                  Botswana 1977 59.31900
## 725                    Brazil 1977 61.48900
## 726                  Bulgaria 1977 70.81000
## 727              Burkina Faso 1977 46.13700
## 728                   Burundi 1977 45.91000
## 729                  Cambodia 1977 31.22000
## 730                  Cameroon 1977 49.35500
## 731                    Canada 1977 74.21000
## 732  Central African Republic 1977 46.77500
## 733                      Chad 1977 47.38300
## 734                     Chile 1977 67.05200
## 735                     China 1977 63.96736
## 736                  Colombia 1977 63.83700
## 737                   Comoros 1977 50.93900
## 738          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1977 47.80400
## 739               Congo, Rep. 1977 55.62500
## 740                Costa Rica 1977 70.75000
## 741             Cote d'Ivoire 1977 52.37400
## 742                   Croatia 1977 70.64000
## 743                      Cuba 1977 72.64900
## 744            Czech Republic 1977 70.71000
## 745                   Denmark 1977 74.69000
## 746                  Djibouti 1977 46.51900
## 747        Dominican Republic 1977 61.78800
## 748                   Ecuador 1977 61.31000
## 749                     Egypt 1977 53.31900
## 750               El Salvador 1977 56.69600
## 751         Equatorial Guinea 1977 42.02400
## 752                   Eritrea 1977 44.53500
## 753                  Ethiopia 1977 44.51000
## 754                   Finland 1977 72.52000
## 755                    France 1977 73.83000
## 756                     Gabon 1977 52.79000
## 757                    Gambia 1977 41.84200
## 758                   Germany 1977 72.50000
## 759                     Ghana 1977 51.75600
## 760                    Greece 1977 73.68000
## 761                 Guatemala 1977 56.02900
## 762                    Guinea 1977 40.76200
## 763             Guinea-Bissau 1977 37.46500
## 764                     Haiti 1977 49.92300
## 765                  Honduras 1977 57.40200
## 766          Hong Kong, China 1977 73.60000
## 767                   Hungary 1977 69.95000
## 768                   Iceland 1977 76.11000
## 769                     India 1977 54.20800
## 770                 Indonesia 1977 52.70200
## 771                      Iran 1977 57.70200
## 772                      Iraq 1977 60.41300
## 773                   Ireland 1977 72.03000
## 774                    Israel 1977 73.06000
## 775                     Italy 1977 73.48000
## 776                   Jamaica 1977 70.11000
## 777                     Japan 1977 75.38000
## 778                    Jordan 1977 61.13400
## 779                     Kenya 1977 56.15500
## 780          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1977 67.15900
## 781               Korea, Rep. 1977 64.76600
## 782                    Kuwait 1977 69.34300
## 783                   Lebanon 1977 66.09900
## 784                   Lesotho 1977 52.20800
## 785                   Liberia 1977 43.76400
## 786                     Libya 1977 57.44200
## 787                Madagascar 1977 46.88100
## 788                    Malawi 1977 43.76700
## 789                  Malaysia 1977 65.25600
## 790                      Mali 1977 41.71400
## 791                Mauritania 1977 50.85200
## 792                 Mauritius 1977 64.93000
## 793                    Mexico 1977 65.03200
## 794                  Mongolia 1977 55.49100
## 795                Montenegro 1977 73.06600
## 796                   Morocco 1977 55.73000
## 797                Mozambique 1977 42.49500
## 798                   Myanmar 1977 56.05900
## 799                   Namibia 1977 56.43700
## 800                     Nepal 1977 46.74800
## 801               Netherlands 1977 75.24000
## 802               New Zealand 1977 72.22000
## 803                 Nicaragua 1977 57.47000
## 804                     Niger 1977 41.29100
## 805                   Nigeria 1977 44.51400
## 806                    Norway 1977 75.37000
## 807                      Oman 1977 57.36700
## 808                  Pakistan 1977 54.04300
## 809                    Panama 1977 68.68100
## 810                  Paraguay 1977 66.35300
## 811                      Peru 1977 58.44700
## 812               Philippines 1977 60.06000
## 813                    Poland 1977 70.67000
## 814                  Portugal 1977 70.41000
## 815               Puerto Rico 1977 73.44000
## 816                   Reunion 1977 67.06400
## 817                   Romania 1977 69.46000
## 818                    Rwanda 1977 45.00000
## 819     Sao Tome and Principe 1977 58.55000
## 820              Saudi Arabia 1977 58.69000
## 821                   Senegal 1977 48.87900
## 822                    Serbia 1977 70.30000
## 823              Sierra Leone 1977 36.78800
## 824                 Singapore 1977 70.79500
## 825           Slovak Republic 1977 70.45000
## 826                  Slovenia 1977 70.97000
## 827                   Somalia 1977 41.97400
## 828              South Africa 1977 55.52700
## 829                     Spain 1977 74.39000
## 830                 Sri Lanka 1977 65.94900
## 831                     Sudan 1977 47.80000
## 832                 Swaziland 1977 52.53700
## 833                    Sweden 1977 75.44000
## 834               Switzerland 1977 75.39000
## 835                     Syria 1977 61.19500
## 836                    Taiwan 1977 70.59000
## 837                  Tanzania 1977 49.91900
## 838                  Thailand 1977 62.49400
## 839                      Togo 1977 52.88700
## 840       Trinidad and Tobago 1977 68.30000
## 841                   Tunisia 1977 59.83700
## 842                    Turkey 1977 59.50700
## 843                    Uganda 1977 50.35000
## 844            United Kingdom 1977 72.76000
## 845             United States 1977 73.38000
## 846                   Uruguay 1977 69.48100
## 847                 Venezuela 1977 67.45600
## 848                   Vietnam 1977 55.76400
## 849        West Bank and Gaza 1977 60.76500
## 850               Yemen, Rep. 1977 44.17500
## 851                    Zambia 1977 51.38600
## 852                  Zimbabwe 1977 57.67400
## 853               Afghanistan 1982 39.85400
## 854                   Albania 1982 70.42000
## 855                   Algeria 1982 61.36800
## 856                    Angola 1982 39.94200
## 857                 Argentina 1982 69.94200
## 858                 Australia 1982 74.74000
## 859                   Austria 1982 73.18000
## 860                   Bahrain 1982 69.05200
## 861                Bangladesh 1982 50.00900
## 862                   Belgium 1982 73.93000
## 863                     Benin 1982 50.90400
## 864                   Bolivia 1982 53.85900
## 865    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1982 70.69000
## 866                  Botswana 1982 61.48400
## 867                    Brazil 1982 63.33600
## 868                  Bulgaria 1982 71.08000
## 869              Burkina Faso 1982 48.12200
## 870                   Burundi 1982 47.47100
## 871                  Cambodia 1982 50.95700
## 872                  Cameroon 1982 52.96100
## 873                    Canada 1982 75.76000
## 874  Central African Republic 1982 48.29500
## 875                      Chad 1982 49.51700
## 876                     Chile 1982 70.56500
## 877                     China 1982 65.52500
## 878                  Colombia 1982 66.65300
## 879                   Comoros 1982 52.93300
## 880          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1982 47.78400
## 881               Congo, Rep. 1982 56.69500
## 882                Costa Rica 1982 73.45000
## 883             Cote d'Ivoire 1982 53.98300
## 884                   Croatia 1982 70.46000
## 885                      Cuba 1982 73.71700
## 886            Czech Republic 1982 70.96000
## 887                   Denmark 1982 74.63000
## 888                  Djibouti 1982 48.81200
## 889        Dominican Republic 1982 63.72700
## 890                   Ecuador 1982 64.34200
## 891                     Egypt 1982 56.00600
## 892               El Salvador 1982 56.60400
## 893         Equatorial Guinea 1982 43.66200
## 894                   Eritrea 1982 43.89000
## 895                  Ethiopia 1982 44.91600
## 896                   Finland 1982 74.55000
## 897                    France 1982 74.89000
## 898                     Gabon 1982 56.56400
## 899                    Gambia 1982 45.58000
## 900                   Germany 1982 73.80000
## 901                     Ghana 1982 53.74400
## 902                    Greece 1982 75.24000
## 903                 Guatemala 1982 58.13700
## 904                    Guinea 1982 42.89100
## 905             Guinea-Bissau 1982 39.32700
## 906                     Haiti 1982 51.46100
## 907                  Honduras 1982 60.90900
## 908          Hong Kong, China 1982 75.45000
## 909                   Hungary 1982 69.39000
## 910                   Iceland 1982 76.99000
## 911                     India 1982 56.59600
## 912                 Indonesia 1982 56.15900
## 913                      Iran 1982 59.62000
## 914                      Iraq 1982 62.03800
## 915                   Ireland 1982 73.10000
## 916                    Israel 1982 74.45000
## 917                     Italy 1982 74.98000
## 918                   Jamaica 1982 71.21000
## 919                     Japan 1982 77.11000
## 920                    Jordan 1982 63.73900
## 921                     Kenya 1982 58.76600
## 922          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1982 69.10000
## 923               Korea, Rep. 1982 67.12300
## 924                    Kuwait 1982 71.30900
## 925                   Lebanon 1982 66.98300
## 926                   Lesotho 1982 55.07800
## 927                   Liberia 1982 44.85200
## 928                     Libya 1982 62.15500
## 929                Madagascar 1982 48.96900
## 930                    Malawi 1982 45.64200
## 931                  Malaysia 1982 68.00000
## 932                      Mali 1982 43.91600
## 933                Mauritania 1982 53.59900
## 934                 Mauritius 1982 66.71100
## 935                    Mexico 1982 67.40500
## 936                  Mongolia 1982 57.48900
## 937                Montenegro 1982 74.10100
## 938                   Morocco 1982 59.65000
## 939                Mozambique 1982 42.79500
## 940                   Myanmar 1982 58.05600
## 941                   Namibia 1982 58.96800
## 942                     Nepal 1982 49.59400
## 943               Netherlands 1982 76.05000
## 944               New Zealand 1982 73.84000
## 945                 Nicaragua 1982 59.29800
## 946                     Niger 1982 42.59800
## 947                   Nigeria 1982 45.82600
## 948                    Norway 1982 75.97000
## 949                      Oman 1982 62.72800
## 950                  Pakistan 1982 56.15800
## 951                    Panama 1982 70.47200
## 952                  Paraguay 1982 66.87400
## 953                      Peru 1982 61.40600
## 954               Philippines 1982 62.08200
## 955                    Poland 1982 71.32000
## 956                  Portugal 1982 72.77000
## 957               Puerto Rico 1982 73.75000
## 958                   Reunion 1982 69.88500
## 959                   Romania 1982 69.66000
## 960                    Rwanda 1982 46.21800
## 961     Sao Tome and Principe 1982 60.35100
## 962              Saudi Arabia 1982 63.01200
## 963                   Senegal 1982 52.37900
## 964                    Serbia 1982 70.16200
## 965              Sierra Leone 1982 38.44500
## 966                 Singapore 1982 71.76000
## 967           Slovak Republic 1982 70.80000
## 968                  Slovenia 1982 71.06300
## 969                   Somalia 1982 42.95500
## 970              South Africa 1982 58.16100
## 971                     Spain 1982 76.30000
## 972                 Sri Lanka 1982 68.75700
## 973                     Sudan 1982 50.33800
## 974                 Swaziland 1982 55.56100
## 975                    Sweden 1982 76.42000
## 976               Switzerland 1982 76.21000
## 977                     Syria 1982 64.59000
## 978                    Taiwan 1982 72.16000
## 979                  Tanzania 1982 50.60800
## 980                  Thailand 1982 64.59700
## 981                      Togo 1982 55.47100
## 982       Trinidad and Tobago 1982 68.83200
## 983                   Tunisia 1982 64.04800
## 984                    Turkey 1982 61.03600
## 985                    Uganda 1982 49.84900
## 986            United Kingdom 1982 74.04000
## 987             United States 1982 74.65000
## 988                   Uruguay 1982 70.80500
## 989                 Venezuela 1982 68.55700
## 990                   Vietnam 1982 58.81600
## 991        West Bank and Gaza 1982 64.40600
## 992               Yemen, Rep. 1982 49.11300
## 993                    Zambia 1982 51.82100
## 994                  Zimbabwe 1982 60.36300
## 995               Afghanistan 1987 40.82200
## 996                   Albania 1987 72.00000
## 997                   Algeria 1987 65.79900
## 998                    Angola 1987 39.90600
## 999                 Argentina 1987 70.77400
## 1000                Australia 1987 76.32000
## 1001                  Austria 1987 74.94000
## 1002                  Bahrain 1987 70.75000
## 1003               Bangladesh 1987 52.81900
## 1004                  Belgium 1987 75.35000
## 1005                    Benin 1987 52.33700
## 1006                  Bolivia 1987 57.25100
## 1007   Bosnia and Herzegovina 1987 71.14000
## 1008                 Botswana 1987 63.62200
## 1009                   Brazil 1987 65.20500
## 1010                 Bulgaria 1987 71.34000
## 1011             Burkina Faso 1987 49.55700
## 1012                  Burundi 1987 48.21100
## 1013                 Cambodia 1987 53.91400
## 1014                 Cameroon 1987 54.98500
## 1015                   Canada 1987 76.86000
## 1016 Central African Republic 1987 50.48500
## 1017                     Chad 1987 51.05100
## 1018                    Chile 1987 72.49200
## 1019                    China 1987 67.27400
## 1020                 Colombia 1987 67.76800
## 1021                  Comoros 1987 54.92600
## 1022         Congo, Dem. Rep. 1987 47.41200
## 1023              Congo, Rep. 1987 57.47000
## 1024               Costa Rica 1987 74.75200
## 1025            Cote d'Ivoire 1987 54.65500
## 1026                  Croatia 1987 71.52000
## 1027                     Cuba 1987 74.17400
## 1028           Czech Republic 1987 71.58000
## 1029                  Denmark 1987 74.80000
## 1030                 Djibouti 1987 50.04000
## 1031       Dominican Republic 1987 66.04600
## 1032                  Ecuador 1987 67.23100
## 1033                    Egypt 1987 59.79700
## 1034              El Salvador 1987 63.15400
## 1035        Equatorial Guinea 1987 45.66400
## 1036                  Eritrea 1987 46.45300
## 1037                 Ethiopia 1987 46.68400
## 1038                  Finland 1987 74.83000
## 1039                   France 1987 76.34000
## 1040                    Gabon 1987 60.19000
## 1041                   Gambia 1987 49.26500
## 1042                  Germany 1987 74.84700
## 1043                    Ghana 1987 55.72900
## 1044                   Greece 1987 76.67000
## 1045                Guatemala 1987 60.78200
## 1046                   Guinea 1987 45.55200
## 1047            Guinea-Bissau 1987 41.24500
## 1048                    Haiti 1987 53.63600
## 1049                 Honduras 1987 64.49200
## 1050         Hong Kong, China 1987 76.20000
## 1051                  Hungary 1987 69.58000
## 1052                  Iceland 1987 77.23000
## 1053                    India 1987 58.55300
## 1054                Indonesia 1987 60.13700
## 1055                     Iran 1987 63.04000
## 1056                     Iraq 1987 65.04400
## 1057                  Ireland 1987 74.36000
## 1058                   Israel 1987 75.60000
## 1059                    Italy 1987 76.42000
## 1060                  Jamaica 1987 71.77000
## 1061                    Japan 1987 78.67000
## 1062                   Jordan 1987 65.86900
## 1063                    Kenya 1987 59.33900
## 1064         Korea, Dem. Rep. 1987 70.64700
## 1065              Korea, Rep. 1987 69.81000
## 1066                   Kuwait 1987 74.17400
## 1067                  Lebanon 1987 67.92600
## 1068                  Lesotho 1987 57.18000
## 1069                  Liberia 1987 46.02700
## 1070                    Libya 1987 66.23400
## 1071               Madagascar 1987 49.35000
## 1072                   Malawi 1987 47.45700
## 1073                 Malaysia 1987 69.50000
## 1074                     Mali 1987 46.36400
## 1075               Mauritania 1987 56.14500
## 1076                Mauritius 1987 68.74000
## 1077                   Mexico 1987 69.49800
## 1078                 Mongolia 1987 60.22200
## 1079               Montenegro 1987 74.86500
## 1080                  Morocco 1987 62.67700
## 1081               Mozambique 1987 42.86100
## 1082                  Myanmar 1987 58.33900
## 1083                  Namibia 1987 60.83500
## 1084                    Nepal 1987 52.53700
## 1085              Netherlands 1987 76.83000
## 1086              New Zealand 1987 74.32000
## 1087                Nicaragua 1987 62.00800
## 1088                    Niger 1987 44.55500
## 1089                  Nigeria 1987 46.88600
## 1090                   Norway 1987 75.89000
## 1091                     Oman 1987 67.73400
## 1092                 Pakistan 1987 58.24500
## 1093                   Panama 1987 71.52300
## 1094                 Paraguay 1987 67.37800
## 1095                     Peru 1987 64.13400
## 1096              Philippines 1987 64.15100
## 1097                   Poland 1987 70.98000
## 1098                 Portugal 1987 74.06000
## 1099              Puerto Rico 1987 74.63000
## 1100                  Reunion 1987 71.91300
## 1101                  Romania 1987 69.53000
## 1102                   Rwanda 1987 44.02000
## 1103    Sao Tome and Principe 1987 61.72800
## 1104             Saudi Arabia 1987 66.29500
## 1105                  Senegal 1987 55.76900
## 1106                   Serbia 1987 71.21800
## 1107             Sierra Leone 1987 40.00600
## 1108                Singapore 1987 73.56000
## 1109          Slovak Republic 1987 71.08000
## 1110                 Slovenia 1987 72.25000
## 1111                  Somalia 1987 44.50100
## 1112             South Africa 1987 60.83400
## 1113                    Spain 1987 76.90000
## 1114                Sri Lanka 1987 69.01100
## 1115                    Sudan 1987 51.74400
## 1116                Swaziland 1987 57.67800
## 1117                   Sweden 1987 77.19000
## 1118              Switzerland 1987 77.41000
## 1119                    Syria 1987 66.97400
## 1120                   Taiwan 1987 73.40000
## 1121                 Tanzania 1987 51.53500
## 1122                 Thailand 1987 66.08400
## 1123                     Togo 1987 56.94100
## 1124      Trinidad and Tobago 1987 69.58200
## 1125                  Tunisia 1987 66.89400
## 1126                   Turkey 1987 63.10800
## 1127                   Uganda 1987 51.50900
## 1128           United Kingdom 1987 75.00700
## 1129            United States 1987 75.02000
## 1130                  Uruguay 1987 71.91800
## 1131                Venezuela 1987 70.19000
## 1132                  Vietnam 1987 62.82000
## 1133       West Bank and Gaza 1987 67.04600
## 1134              Yemen, Rep. 1987 52.92200
## 1135                   Zambia 1987 50.82100
## 1136                 Zimbabwe 1987 62.35100
## 1137              Afghanistan 1992 41.67400
## 1138                  Albania 1992 71.58100
## 1139                  Algeria 1992 67.74400
## 1140                   Angola 1992 40.64700
## 1141                Argentina 1992 71.86800
## 1142                Australia 1992 77.56000
## 1143                  Austria 1992 76.04000
## 1144                  Bahrain 1992 72.60100
## 1145               Bangladesh 1992 56.01800
## 1146                  Belgium 1992 76.46000
## 1147                    Benin 1992 53.91900
## 1148                  Bolivia 1992 59.95700
## 1149   Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992 72.17800
## 1150                 Botswana 1992 62.74500
## 1151                   Brazil 1992 67.05700
## 1152                 Bulgaria 1992 71.19000
## 1153             Burkina Faso 1992 50.26000
## 1154                  Burundi 1992 44.73600
## 1155                 Cambodia 1992 55.80300
## 1156                 Cameroon 1992 54.31400
## 1157                   Canada 1992 77.95000
## 1158 Central African Republic 1992 49.39600
## 1159                     Chad 1992 51.72400
## 1160                    Chile 1992 74.12600
## 1161                    China 1992 68.69000
## 1162                 Colombia 1992 68.42100
## 1163                  Comoros 1992 57.93900
## 1164         Congo, Dem. Rep. 1992 45.54800
## 1165              Congo, Rep. 1992 56.43300
## 1166               Costa Rica 1992 75.71300
## 1167            Cote d'Ivoire 1992 52.04400
## 1168                  Croatia 1992 72.52700
## 1169                     Cuba 1992 74.41400
## 1170           Czech Republic 1992 72.40000
## 1171                  Denmark 1992 75.33000
## 1172                 Djibouti 1992 51.60400
## 1173       Dominican Republic 1992 68.45700
## 1174                  Ecuador 1992 69.61300
## 1175                    Egypt 1992 63.67400
## 1176              El Salvador 1992 66.79800
## 1177        Equatorial Guinea 1992 47.54500
## 1178                  Eritrea 1992 49.99100
## 1179                 Ethiopia 1992 48.09100
## 1180                  Finland 1992 75.70000
## 1181                   France 1992 77.46000
## 1182                    Gabon 1992 61.36600
## 1183                   Gambia 1992 52.64400
## 1184                  Germany 1992 76.07000
## 1185                    Ghana 1992 57.50100
## 1186                   Greece 1992 77.03000
## 1187                Guatemala 1992 63.37300
## 1188                   Guinea 1992 48.57600
## 1189            Guinea-Bissau 1992 43.26600
## 1190                    Haiti 1992 55.08900
## 1191                 Honduras 1992 66.39900
## 1192         Hong Kong, China 1992 77.60100
## 1193                  Hungary 1992 69.17000
## 1194                  Iceland 1992 78.77000
## 1195                    India 1992 60.22300
## 1196                Indonesia 1992 62.68100
## 1197                     Iran 1992 65.74200
## 1198                     Iraq 1992 59.46100
## 1199                  Ireland 1992 75.46700
## 1200                   Israel 1992 76.93000
## 1201                    Italy 1992 77.44000
## 1202                  Jamaica 1992 71.76600
## 1203                    Japan 1992 79.36000
## 1204                   Jordan 1992 68.01500
## 1205                    Kenya 1992 59.28500
## 1206         Korea, Dem. Rep. 1992 69.97800
## 1207              Korea, Rep. 1992 72.24400
## 1208                   Kuwait 1992 75.19000
## 1209                  Lebanon 1992 69.29200
## 1210                  Lesotho 1992 59.68500
## 1211                  Liberia 1992 40.80200
## 1212                    Libya 1992 68.75500
## 1213               Madagascar 1992 52.21400
## 1214                   Malawi 1992 49.42000
## 1215                 Malaysia 1992 70.69300
## 1216                     Mali 1992 48.38800
## 1217               Mauritania 1992 58.33300
## 1218                Mauritius 1992 69.74500
## 1219                   Mexico 1992 71.45500
## 1220                 Mongolia 1992 61.27100
## 1221               Montenegro 1992 75.43500
## 1222                  Morocco 1992 65.39300
## 1223               Mozambique 1992 44.28400
## 1224                  Myanmar 1992 59.32000
## 1225                  Namibia 1992 61.99900
## 1226                    Nepal 1992 55.72700
## 1227              Netherlands 1992 77.42000
## 1228              New Zealand 1992 76.33000
## 1229                Nicaragua 1992 65.84300
## 1230                    Niger 1992 47.39100
## 1231                  Nigeria 1992 47.47200
## 1232                   Norway 1992 77.32000
## 1233                     Oman 1992 71.19700
## 1234                 Pakistan 1992 60.83800
## 1235                   Panama 1992 72.46200
## 1236                 Paraguay 1992 68.22500
## 1237                     Peru 1992 66.45800
## 1238              Philippines 1992 66.45800
## 1239                   Poland 1992 70.99000
## 1240                 Portugal 1992 74.86000
## 1241              Puerto Rico 1992 73.91100
## 1242                  Reunion 1992 73.61500
## 1243                  Romania 1992 69.36000
## 1244                   Rwanda 1992 23.59900
## 1245    Sao Tome and Principe 1992 62.74200
## 1246             Saudi Arabia 1992 68.76800
## 1247                  Senegal 1992 58.19600
## 1248                   Serbia 1992 71.65900
## 1249             Sierra Leone 1992 38.33300
## 1250                Singapore 1992 75.78800
## 1251          Slovak Republic 1992 71.38000
## 1252                 Slovenia 1992 73.64000
## 1253                  Somalia 1992 39.65800
## 1254             South Africa 1992 61.88800
## 1255                    Spain 1992 77.57000
## 1256                Sri Lanka 1992 70.37900
## 1257                    Sudan 1992 53.55600
## 1258                Swaziland 1992 58.47400
## 1259                   Sweden 1992 78.16000
## 1260              Switzerland 1992 78.03000
## 1261                    Syria 1992 69.24900
## 1262                   Taiwan 1992 74.26000
## 1263                 Tanzania 1992 50.44000
## 1264                 Thailand 1992 67.29800
## 1265                     Togo 1992 58.06100
## 1266      Trinidad and Tobago 1992 69.86200
## 1267                  Tunisia 1992 70.00100
## 1268                   Turkey 1992 66.14600
## 1269                   Uganda 1992 48.82500
## 1270           United Kingdom 1992 76.42000
## 1271            United States 1992 76.09000
## 1272                  Uruguay 1992 72.75200
## 1273                Venezuela 1992 71.15000
## 1274                  Vietnam 1992 67.66200
## 1275       West Bank and Gaza 1992 69.71800
## 1276              Yemen, Rep. 1992 55.59900
## 1277                   Zambia 1992 46.10000
## 1278                 Zimbabwe 1992 60.37700
## 1279              Afghanistan 1997 41.76300
## 1280                  Albania 1997 72.95000
## 1281                  Algeria 1997 69.15200
## 1282                   Angola 1997 40.96300
## 1283                Argentina 1997 73.27500
## 1284                Australia 1997 78.83000
## 1285                  Austria 1997 77.51000
## 1286                  Bahrain 1997 73.92500
## 1287               Bangladesh 1997 59.41200
## 1288                  Belgium 1997 77.53000
## 1289                    Benin 1997 54.77700
## 1290                  Bolivia 1997 62.05000
## 1291   Bosnia and Herzegovina 1997 73.24400
## 1292                 Botswana 1997 52.55600
## 1293                   Brazil 1997 69.38800
## 1294                 Bulgaria 1997 70.32000
## 1295             Burkina Faso 1997 50.32400
## 1296                  Burundi 1997 45.32600
## 1297                 Cambodia 1997 56.53400
## 1298                 Cameroon 1997 52.19900
## 1299                   Canada 1997 78.61000
## 1300 Central African Republic 1997 46.06600
## 1301                     Chad 1997 51.57300
## 1302                    Chile 1997 75.81600
## 1303                    China 1997 70.42600
## 1304                 Colombia 1997 70.31300
## 1305                  Comoros 1997 60.66000
## 1306         Congo, Dem. Rep. 1997 42.58700
## 1307              Congo, Rep. 1997 52.96200
## 1308               Costa Rica 1997 77.26000
## 1309            Cote d'Ivoire 1997 47.99100
## 1310                  Croatia 1997 73.68000
## 1311                     Cuba 1997 76.15100
## 1312           Czech Republic 1997 74.01000
## 1313                  Denmark 1997 76.11000
## 1314                 Djibouti 1997 53.15700
## 1315       Dominican Republic 1997 69.95700
## 1316                  Ecuador 1997 72.31200
## 1317                    Egypt 1997 67.21700
## 1318              El Salvador 1997 69.53500
## 1319        Equatorial Guinea 1997 48.24500
## 1320                  Eritrea 1997 53.37800
## 1321                 Ethiopia 1997 49.40200
## 1322                  Finland 1997 77.13000
## 1323                   France 1997 78.64000
## 1324                    Gabon 1997 60.46100
## 1325                   Gambia 1997 55.86100
## 1326                  Germany 1997 77.34000
## 1327                    Ghana 1997 58.55600
## 1328                   Greece 1997 77.86900
## 1329                Guatemala 1997 66.32200
## 1330                   Guinea 1997 51.45500
## 1331            Guinea-Bissau 1997 44.87300
## 1332                    Haiti 1997 56.67100
## 1333                 Honduras 1997 67.65900
## 1334         Hong Kong, China 1997 80.00000
## 1335                  Hungary 1997 71.04000
## 1336                  Iceland 1997 78.95000
## 1337                    India 1997 61.76500
## 1338                Indonesia 1997 66.04100
## 1339                     Iran 1997 68.04200
## 1340                     Iraq 1997 58.81100
## 1341                  Ireland 1997 76.12200
## 1342                   Israel 1997 78.26900
## 1343                    Italy 1997 78.82000
## 1344                  Jamaica 1997 72.26200
## 1345                    Japan 1997 80.69000
## 1346                   Jordan 1997 69.77200
## 1347                    Kenya 1997 54.40700
## 1348         Korea, Dem. Rep. 1997 67.72700
## 1349              Korea, Rep. 1997 74.64700
## 1350                   Kuwait 1997 76.15600
## 1351                  Lebanon 1997 70.26500
## 1352                  Lesotho 1997 55.55800
## 1353                  Liberia 1997 42.22100
## 1354                    Libya 1997 71.55500
## 1355               Madagascar 1997 54.97800
## 1356                   Malawi 1997 47.49500
## 1357                 Malaysia 1997 71.93800
## 1358                     Mali 1997 49.90300
## 1359               Mauritania 1997 60.43000
## 1360                Mauritius 1997 70.73600
## 1361                   Mexico 1997 73.67000
## 1362                 Mongolia 1997 63.62500
## 1363               Montenegro 1997 75.44500
## 1364                  Morocco 1997 67.66000
## 1365               Mozambique 1997 46.34400
## 1366                  Myanmar 1997 60.32800
## 1367                  Namibia 1997 58.90900
## 1368                    Nepal 1997 59.42600
## 1369              Netherlands 1997 78.03000
## 1370              New Zealand 1997 77.55000
## 1371                Nicaragua 1997 68.42600
## 1372                    Niger 1997 51.31300
## 1373                  Nigeria 1997 47.46400
## 1374                   Norway 1997 78.32000
## 1375                     Oman 1997 72.49900
## 1376                 Pakistan 1997 61.81800
## 1377                   Panama 1997 73.73800
## 1378                 Paraguay 1997 69.40000
## 1379                     Peru 1997 68.38600
## 1380              Philippines 1997 68.56400
## 1381                   Poland 1997 72.75000
## 1382                 Portugal 1997 75.97000
## 1383              Puerto Rico 1997 74.91700
## 1384                  Reunion 1997 74.77200
## 1385                  Romania 1997 69.72000
## 1386                   Rwanda 1997 36.08700
## 1387    Sao Tome and Principe 1997 63.30600
## 1388             Saudi Arabia 1997 70.53300
## 1389                  Senegal 1997 60.18700
## 1390                   Serbia 1997 72.23200
## 1391             Sierra Leone 1997 39.89700
## 1392                Singapore 1997 77.15800
## 1393          Slovak Republic 1997 72.71000
## 1394                 Slovenia 1997 75.13000
## 1395                  Somalia 1997 43.79500
## 1396             South Africa 1997 60.23600
## 1397                    Spain 1997 78.77000
## 1398                Sri Lanka 1997 70.45700
## 1399                    Sudan 1997 55.37300
## 1400                Swaziland 1997 54.28900
## 1401                   Sweden 1997 79.39000
## 1402              Switzerland 1997 79.37000
## 1403                    Syria 1997 71.52700
## 1404                   Taiwan 1997 75.25000
## 1405                 Tanzania 1997 48.46600
## 1406                 Thailand 1997 67.52100
## 1407                     Togo 1997 58.39000
## 1408      Trinidad and Tobago 1997 69.46500
## 1409                  Tunisia 1997 71.97300
## 1410                   Turkey 1997 68.83500
## 1411                   Uganda 1997 44.57800
## 1412           United Kingdom 1997 77.21800
## 1413            United States 1997 76.81000
## 1414                  Uruguay 1997 74.22300
## 1415                Venezuela 1997 72.14600
## 1416                  Vietnam 1997 70.67200
## 1417       West Bank and Gaza 1997 71.09600
## 1418              Yemen, Rep. 1997 58.02000
## 1419                   Zambia 1997 40.23800
## 1420                 Zimbabwe 1997 46.80900
## 1421              Afghanistan 2002 42.12900
## 1422                  Albania 2002 75.65100
## 1423                  Algeria 2002 70.99400
## 1424                   Angola 2002 41.00300
## 1425                Argentina 2002 74.34000
## 1426                Australia 2002 80.37000
## 1427                  Austria 2002 78.98000
## 1428                  Bahrain 2002 74.79500
## 1429               Bangladesh 2002 62.01300
## 1430                  Belgium 2002 78.32000
## 1431                    Benin 2002 54.40600
## 1432                  Bolivia 2002 63.88300
## 1433   Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 74.09000
## 1434                 Botswana 2002 46.63400
## 1435                   Brazil 2002 71.00600
## 1436                 Bulgaria 2002 72.14000
## 1437             Burkina Faso 2002 50.65000
## 1438                  Burundi 2002 47.36000
## 1439                 Cambodia 2002 56.75200
## 1440                 Cameroon 2002 49.85600
## 1441                   Canada 2002 79.77000
## 1442 Central African Republic 2002 43.30800
## 1443                     Chad 2002 50.52500
## 1444                    Chile 2002 77.86000
## 1445                    China 2002 72.02800
## 1446                 Colombia 2002 71.68200
## 1447                  Comoros 2002 62.97400
## 1448         Congo, Dem. Rep. 2002 44.96600
## 1449              Congo, Rep. 2002 52.97000
## 1450               Costa Rica 2002 78.12300
## 1451            Cote d'Ivoire 2002 46.83200
## 1452                  Croatia 2002 74.87600
## 1453                     Cuba 2002 77.15800
## 1454           Czech Republic 2002 75.51000
## 1455                  Denmark 2002 77.18000
## 1456                 Djibouti 2002 53.37300
## 1457       Dominican Republic 2002 70.84700
## 1458                  Ecuador 2002 74.17300
## 1459                    Egypt 2002 69.80600
## 1460              El Salvador 2002 70.73400
## 1461        Equatorial Guinea 2002 49.34800
## 1462                  Eritrea 2002 55.24000
## 1463                 Ethiopia 2002 50.72500
## 1464                  Finland 2002 78.37000
## 1465                   France 2002 79.59000
## 1466                    Gabon 2002 56.76100
## 1467                   Gambia 2002 58.04100
## 1468                  Germany 2002 78.67000
## 1469                    Ghana 2002 58.45300
## 1470                   Greece 2002 78.25600
## 1471                Guatemala 2002 68.97800
## 1472                   Guinea 2002 53.67600
## 1473            Guinea-Bissau 2002 45.50400
## 1474                    Haiti 2002 58.13700
## 1475                 Honduras 2002 68.56500
## 1476         Hong Kong, China 2002 81.49500
## 1477                  Hungary 2002 72.59000
## 1478                  Iceland 2002 80.50000
## 1479                    India 2002 62.87900
## 1480                Indonesia 2002 68.58800
## 1481                     Iran 2002 69.45100
## 1482                     Iraq 2002 57.04600
## 1483                  Ireland 2002 77.78300
## 1484                   Israel 2002 79.69600
## 1485                    Italy 2002 80.24000
## 1486                  Jamaica 2002 72.04700
## 1487                    Japan 2002 82.00000
## 1488                   Jordan 2002 71.26300
## 1489                    Kenya 2002 50.99200
## 1490         Korea, Dem. Rep. 2002 66.66200
## 1491              Korea, Rep. 2002 77.04500
## 1492                   Kuwait 2002 76.90400
## 1493                  Lebanon 2002 71.02800
## 1494                  Lesotho 2002 44.59300
## 1495                  Liberia 2002 43.75300
## 1496                    Libya 2002 72.73700
## 1497               Madagascar 2002 57.28600
## 1498                   Malawi 2002 45.00900
## 1499                 Malaysia 2002 73.04400
## 1500                     Mali 2002 51.81800
## 1501               Mauritania 2002 62.24700
## 1502                Mauritius 2002 71.95400
## 1503                   Mexico 2002 74.90200
## 1504                 Mongolia 2002 65.03300
## 1505               Montenegro 2002 73.98100
## 1506                  Morocco 2002 69.61500
## 1507               Mozambique 2002 44.02600
## 1508                  Myanmar 2002 59.90800
## 1509                  Namibia 2002 51.47900
## 1510                    Nepal 2002 61.34000
## 1511              Netherlands 2002 78.53000
## 1512              New Zealand 2002 79.11000
## 1513                Nicaragua 2002 70.83600
## 1514                    Niger 2002 54.49600
## 1515                  Nigeria 2002 46.60800
## 1516                   Norway 2002 79.05000
## 1517                     Oman 2002 74.19300
## 1518                 Pakistan 2002 63.61000
## 1519                   Panama 2002 74.71200
## 1520                 Paraguay 2002 70.75500
## 1521                     Peru 2002 69.90600
## 1522              Philippines 2002 70.30300
## 1523                   Poland 2002 74.67000
## 1524                 Portugal 2002 77.29000
## 1525              Puerto Rico 2002 77.77800
## 1526                  Reunion 2002 75.74400
## 1527                  Romania 2002 71.32200
## 1528                   Rwanda 2002 43.41300
## 1529    Sao Tome and Principe 2002 64.33700
## 1530             Saudi Arabia 2002 71.62600
## 1531                  Senegal 2002 61.60000
## 1532                   Serbia 2002 73.21300
## 1533             Sierra Leone 2002 41.01200
## 1534                Singapore 2002 78.77000
## 1535          Slovak Republic 2002 73.80000
## 1536                 Slovenia 2002 76.66000
## 1537                  Somalia 2002 45.93600
## 1538             South Africa 2002 53.36500
## 1539                    Spain 2002 79.78000
## 1540                Sri Lanka 2002 70.81500
## 1541                    Sudan 2002 56.36900
## 1542                Swaziland 2002 43.86900
## 1543                   Sweden 2002 80.04000
## 1544              Switzerland 2002 80.62000
## 1545                    Syria 2002 73.05300
## 1546                   Taiwan 2002 76.99000
## 1547                 Tanzania 2002 49.65100
## 1548                 Thailand 2002 68.56400
## 1549                     Togo 2002 57.56100
## 1550      Trinidad and Tobago 2002 68.97600
## 1551                  Tunisia 2002 73.04200
## 1552                   Turkey 2002 70.84500
## 1553                   Uganda 2002 47.81300
## 1554           United Kingdom 2002 78.47100
## 1555            United States 2002 77.31000
## 1556                  Uruguay 2002 75.30700
## 1557                Venezuela 2002 72.76600
## 1558                  Vietnam 2002 73.01700
## 1559       West Bank and Gaza 2002 72.37000
## 1560              Yemen, Rep. 2002 60.30800
## 1561                   Zambia 2002 39.19300
## 1562                 Zimbabwe 2002 39.98900
## 1563              Afghanistan 2007 43.82800
## 1564                  Albania 2007 76.42300
## 1565                  Algeria 2007 72.30100
## 1566                   Angola 2007 42.73100
## 1567                Argentina 2007 75.32000
## 1568                Australia 2007 81.23500
## 1569                  Austria 2007 79.82900
## 1570                  Bahrain 2007 75.63500
## 1571               Bangladesh 2007 64.06200
## 1572                  Belgium 2007 79.44100
## 1573                    Benin 2007 56.72800
## 1574                  Bolivia 2007 65.55400
## 1575   Bosnia and Herzegovina 2007 74.85200
## 1576                 Botswana 2007 50.72800
## 1577                   Brazil 2007 72.39000
## 1578                 Bulgaria 2007 73.00500
## 1579             Burkina Faso 2007 52.29500
## 1580                  Burundi 2007 49.58000
## 1581                 Cambodia 2007 59.72300
## 1582                 Cameroon 2007 50.43000
## 1583                   Canada 2007 80.65300
## 1584 Central African Republic 2007 44.74100
## 1585                     Chad 2007 50.65100
## 1586                    Chile 2007 78.55300
## 1587                    China 2007 72.96100
## 1588                 Colombia 2007 72.88900
## 1589                  Comoros 2007 65.15200
## 1590         Congo, Dem. Rep. 2007 46.46200
## 1591              Congo, Rep. 2007 55.32200
## 1592               Costa Rica 2007 78.78200
## 1593            Cote d'Ivoire 2007 48.32800
## 1594                  Croatia 2007 75.74800
## 1595                     Cuba 2007 78.27300
## 1596           Czech Republic 2007 76.48600
## 1597                  Denmark 2007 78.33200
## 1598                 Djibouti 2007 54.79100
## 1599       Dominican Republic 2007 72.23500
## 1600                  Ecuador 2007 74.99400
## 1601                    Egypt 2007 71.33800
## 1602              El Salvador 2007 71.87800
## 1603        Equatorial Guinea 2007 51.57900
## 1604                  Eritrea 2007 58.04000
## 1605                 Ethiopia 2007 52.94700
## 1606                  Finland 2007 79.31300
## 1607                   France 2007 80.65700
## 1608                    Gabon 2007 56.73500
## 1609                   Gambia 2007 59.44800
## 1610                  Germany 2007 79.40600
## 1611                    Ghana 2007 60.02200
## 1612                   Greece 2007 79.48300
## 1613                Guatemala 2007 70.25900
## 1614                   Guinea 2007 56.00700
## 1615            Guinea-Bissau 2007 46.38800
## 1616                    Haiti 2007 60.91600
## 1617                 Honduras 2007 70.19800
## 1618         Hong Kong, China 2007 82.20800
## 1619                  Hungary 2007 73.33800
## 1620                  Iceland 2007 81.75700
## 1621                    India 2007 64.69800
## 1622                Indonesia 2007 70.65000
## 1623                     Iran 2007 70.96400
## 1624                     Iraq 2007 59.54500
## 1625                  Ireland 2007 78.88500
## 1626                   Israel 2007 80.74500
## 1627                    Italy 2007 80.54600
## 1628                  Jamaica 2007 72.56700
## 1629                    Japan 2007 82.60300
## 1630                   Jordan 2007 72.53500
## 1631                    Kenya 2007 54.11000
## 1632         Korea, Dem. Rep. 2007 67.29700
## 1633              Korea, Rep. 2007 78.62300
## 1634                   Kuwait 2007 77.58800
## 1635                  Lebanon 2007 71.99300
## 1636                  Lesotho 2007 42.59200
## 1637                  Liberia 2007 45.67800
## 1638                    Libya 2007 73.95200
## 1639               Madagascar 2007 59.44300
## 1640                   Malawi 2007 48.30300
## 1641                 Malaysia 2007 74.24100
## 1642                     Mali 2007 54.46700
## 1643               Mauritania 2007 64.16400
## 1644                Mauritius 2007 72.80100
## 1645                   Mexico 2007 76.19500
## 1646                 Mongolia 2007 66.80300
## 1647               Montenegro 2007 74.54300
## 1648                  Morocco 2007 71.16400
## 1649               Mozambique 2007 42.08200
## 1650                  Myanmar 2007 62.06900
## 1651                  Namibia 2007 52.90600
## 1652                    Nepal 2007 63.78500
## 1653              Netherlands 2007 79.76200
## 1654              New Zealand 2007 80.20400
## 1655                Nicaragua 2007 72.89900
## 1656                    Niger 2007 56.86700
## 1657                  Nigeria 2007 46.85900
## 1658                   Norway 2007 80.19600
## 1659                     Oman 2007 75.64000
## 1660                 Pakistan 2007 65.48300
## 1661                   Panama 2007 75.53700
## 1662                 Paraguay 2007 71.75200
## 1663                     Peru 2007 71.42100
## 1664              Philippines 2007 71.68800
## 1665                   Poland 2007 75.56300
## 1666                 Portugal 2007 78.09800
## 1667              Puerto Rico 2007 78.74600
## 1668                  Reunion 2007 76.44200
## 1669                  Romania 2007 72.47600
## 1670                   Rwanda 2007 46.24200
## 1671    Sao Tome and Principe 2007 65.52800
## 1672             Saudi Arabia 2007 72.77700
## 1673                  Senegal 2007 63.06200
## 1674                   Serbia 2007 74.00200
## 1675             Sierra Leone 2007 42.56800
## 1676                Singapore 2007 79.97200
## 1677          Slovak Republic 2007 74.66300
## 1678                 Slovenia 2007 77.92600
## 1679                  Somalia 2007 48.15900
## 1680             South Africa 2007 49.33900
## 1681                    Spain 2007 80.94100
## 1682                Sri Lanka 2007 72.39600
## 1683                    Sudan 2007 58.55600
## 1684                Swaziland 2007 39.61300
## 1685                   Sweden 2007 80.88400
## 1686              Switzerland 2007 81.70100
## 1687                    Syria 2007 74.14300
## 1688                   Taiwan 2007 78.40000
## 1689                 Tanzania 2007 52.51700
## 1690                 Thailand 2007 70.61600
## 1691                     Togo 2007 58.42000
## 1692      Trinidad and Tobago 2007 69.81900
## 1693                  Tunisia 2007 73.92300
## 1694                   Turkey 2007 71.77700
## 1695                   Uganda 2007 51.54200
## 1696           United Kingdom 2007 79.42500
## 1697            United States 2007 78.24200
## 1698                  Uruguay 2007 76.38400
## 1699                Venezuela 2007 73.74700
## 1700                  Vietnam 2007 74.24900
## 1701       West Bank and Gaza 2007 73.42200
## 1702              Yemen, Rep. 2007 62.69800
## 1703                   Zambia 2007 42.38400
## 1704                 Zimbabwe 2007 43.48700

Spread and Gather

library(gapminder) 
library(tidyverse)
## ── Attaching packages ─────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.1 ──
## ✓ ggplot2 3.3.5     ✓ purrr   0.3.4
## ✓ tibble  3.1.2     ✓ stringr 1.4.0
## ✓ tidyr   1.1.3     ✓ forcats 0.5.1
## ✓ readr   1.4.0
## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## x dplyr::lag()    masks stats::lag()
df <- select(gapminder, country, year, lifeExp)

#Long to wide format:
df_wide_1 <- df %>% spread(year, lifeExp)
df_wide_1
## # A tibble: 142 x 13
##    country `1952` `1957` `1962` `1967` `1972` `1977` `1982` `1987` `1992` `1997`
##    <fct>    <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>  <dbl>
##  1 Afghan…   28.8   30.3   32.0   34.0   36.1   38.4   39.9   40.8   41.7   41.8
##  2 Albania   55.2   59.3   64.8   66.2   67.7   68.9   70.4   72     71.6   73.0
##  3 Algeria   43.1   45.7   48.3   51.4   54.5   58.0   61.4   65.8   67.7   69.2
##  4 Angola    30.0   32.0   34     36.0   37.9   39.5   39.9   39.9   40.6   41.0
##  5 Argent…   62.5   64.4   65.1   65.6   67.1   68.5   69.9   70.8   71.9   73.3
##  6 Austra…   69.1   70.3   70.9   71.1   71.9   73.5   74.7   76.3   77.6   78.8
##  7 Austria   66.8   67.5   69.5   70.1   70.6   72.2   73.2   74.9   76.0   77.5
##  8 Bahrain   50.9   53.8   56.9   59.9   63.3   65.6   69.1   70.8   72.6   73.9
##  9 Bangla…   37.5   39.3   41.2   43.5   45.3   46.9   50.0   52.8   56.0   59.4
## 10 Belgium   68     69.2   70.2   70.9   71.4   72.8   73.9   75.4   76.5   77.5
## # … with 132 more rows, and 2 more variables: 2002 <dbl>, 2007 <dbl>
#Wide to long format:
df_long_1 <-  gather(df_wide, key = "year", value ="lifeExp", 2:13)
df_long_1
##                       country year  lifeExp
## 1                 Afghanistan 1952 28.80100
## 2                     Albania 1952 55.23000
## 3                     Algeria 1952 43.07700
## 4                      Angola 1952 30.01500
## 5                   Argentina 1952 62.48500
## 6                   Australia 1952 69.12000
## 7                     Austria 1952 66.80000
## 8                     Bahrain 1952 50.93900
## 9                  Bangladesh 1952 37.48400
## 10                    Belgium 1952 68.00000
## 11                      Benin 1952 38.22300
## 12                    Bolivia 1952 40.41400
## 13     Bosnia and Herzegovina 1952 53.82000
## 14                   Botswana 1952 47.62200
## 15                     Brazil 1952 50.91700
## 16                   Bulgaria 1952 59.60000
## 17               Burkina Faso 1952 31.97500
## 18                    Burundi 1952 39.03100
## 19                   Cambodia 1952 39.41700
## 20                   Cameroon 1952 38.52300
## 21                     Canada 1952 68.75000
## 22   Central African Republic 1952 35.46300
## 23                       Chad 1952 38.09200
## 24                      Chile 1952 54.74500
## 25                      China 1952 44.00000
## 26                   Colombia 1952 50.64300
## 27                    Comoros 1952 40.71500
## 28           Congo, Dem. Rep. 1952 39.14300
## 29                Congo, Rep. 1952 42.11100
## 30                 Costa Rica 1952 57.20600
## 31              Cote d'Ivoire 1952 40.47700
## 32                    Croatia 1952 61.21000
## 33                       Cuba 1952 59.42100
## 34             Czech Republic 1952 66.87000
## 35                    Denmark 1952 70.78000
## 36                   Djibouti 1952 34.81200
## 37         Dominican Republic 1952 45.92800
## 38                    Ecuador 1952 48.35700
## 39                      Egypt 1952 41.89300
## 40                El Salvador 1952 45.26200
## 41          Equatorial Guinea 1952 34.48200
## 42                    Eritrea 1952 35.92800
## 43                   Ethiopia 1952 34.07800
## 44                    Finland 1952 66.55000
## 45                     France 1952 67.41000
## 46                      Gabon 1952 37.00300
## 47                     Gambia 1952 30.00000
## 48                    Germany 1952 67.50000
## 49                      Ghana 1952 43.14900
## 50                     Greece 1952 65.86000
## 51                  Guatemala 1952 42.02300
## 52                     Guinea 1952 33.60900
## 53              Guinea-Bissau 1952 32.50000
## 54                      Haiti 1952 37.57900
## 55                   Honduras 1952 41.91200
## 56           Hong Kong, China 1952 60.96000
## 57                    Hungary 1952 64.03000
## 58                    Iceland 1952 72.49000
## 59                      India 1952 37.37300
## 60                  Indonesia 1952 37.46800
## 61                       Iran 1952 44.86900
## 62                       Iraq 1952 45.32000
## 63                    Ireland 1952 66.91000
## 64                     Israel 1952 65.39000
## 65                      Italy 1952 65.94000
## 66                    Jamaica 1952 58.53000
## 67                      Japan 1952 63.03000
## 68                     Jordan 1952 43.15800
## 69                      Kenya 1952 42.27000
## 70           Korea, Dem. Rep. 1952 50.05600
## 71                Korea, Rep. 1952 47.45300
## 72                     Kuwait 1952 55.56500
## 73                    Lebanon 1952 55.92800
## 74                    Lesotho 1952 42.13800
## 75                    Liberia 1952 38.48000
## 76                      Libya 1952 42.72300
## 77                 Madagascar 1952 36.68100
## 78                     Malawi 1952 36.25600
## 79                   Malaysia 1952 48.46300
## 80                       Mali 1952 33.68500
## 81                 Mauritania 1952 40.54300
## 82                  Mauritius 1952 50.98600
## 83                     Mexico 1952 50.78900
## 84                   Mongolia 1952 42.24400
## 85                 Montenegro 1952 59.16400
## 86                    Morocco 1952 42.87300
## 87                 Mozambique 1952 31.28600
## 88                    Myanmar 1952 36.31900
## 89                    Namibia 1952 41.72500
## 90                      Nepal 1952 36.15700
## 91                Netherlands 1952 72.13000
## 92                New Zealand 1952 69.39000
## 93                  Nicaragua 1952 42.31400
## 94                      Niger 1952 37.44400
## 95                    Nigeria 1952 36.32400
## 96                     Norway 1952 72.67000
## 97                       Oman 1952 37.57800
## 98                   Pakistan 1952 43.43600
## 99                     Panama 1952 55.19100
## 100                  Paraguay 1952 62.64900
## 101                      Peru 1952 43.90200
## 102               Philippines 1952 47.75200
## 103                    Poland 1952 61.31000
## 104                  Portugal 1952 59.82000
## 105               Puerto Rico 1952 64.28000
## 106                   Reunion 1952 52.72400
## 107                   Romania 1952 61.05000
## 108                    Rwanda 1952 40.00000
## 109     Sao Tome and Principe 1952 46.47100
## 110              Saudi Arabia 1952 39.87500
## 111                   Senegal 1952 37.27800
## 112                    Serbia 1952 57.99600
## 113              Sierra Leone 1952 30.33100
## 114                 Singapore 1952 60.39600
## 115           Slovak Republic 1952 64.36000
## 116                  Slovenia 1952 65.57000
## 117                   Somalia 1952 32.97800
## 118              South Africa 1952 45.00900
## 119                     Spain 1952 64.94000
## 120                 Sri Lanka 1952 57.59300
## 121                     Sudan 1952 38.63500
## 122                 Swaziland 1952 41.40700
## 123                    Sweden 1952 71.86000
## 124               Switzerland 1952 69.62000
## 125                     Syria 1952 45.88300
## 126                    Taiwan 1952 58.50000
## 127                  Tanzania 1952 41.21500
## 128                  Thailand 1952 50.84800
## 129                      Togo 1952 38.59600
## 130       Trinidad and Tobago 1952 59.10000
## 131                   Tunisia 1952 44.60000
## 132                    Turkey 1952 43.58500
## 133                    Uganda 1952 39.97800
## 134            United Kingdom 1952 69.18000
## 135             United States 1952 68.44000
## 136                   Uruguay 1952 66.07100
## 137                 Venezuela 1952 55.08800
## 138                   Vietnam 1952 40.41200
## 139        West Bank and Gaza 1952 43.16000
## 140               Yemen, Rep. 1952 32.54800
## 141                    Zambia 1952 42.03800
## 142                  Zimbabwe 1952 48.45100
## 143               Afghanistan 1957 30.33200
## 144                   Albania 1957 59.28000
## 145                   Algeria 1957 45.68500
## 146                    Angola 1957 31.99900
## 147                 Argentina 1957 64.39900
## 148                 Australia 1957 70.33000
## 149                   Austria 1957 67.48000
## 150                   Bahrain 1957 53.83200
## 151                Bangladesh 1957 39.34800
## 152                   Belgium 1957 69.24000
## 153                     Benin 1957 40.35800
## 154                   Bolivia 1957 41.89000
## 155    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1957 58.45000
## 156                  Botswana 1957 49.61800
## 157                    Brazil 1957 53.28500
## 158                  Bulgaria 1957 66.61000
## 159              Burkina Faso 1957 34.90600
## 160                   Burundi 1957 40.53300
## 161                  Cambodia 1957 41.36600
## 162                  Cameroon 1957 40.42800
## 163                    Canada 1957 69.96000
## 164  Central African Republic 1957 37.46400
## 165                      Chad 1957 39.88100
## 166                     Chile 1957 56.07400
## 167                     China 1957 50.54896
## 168                  Colombia 1957 55.11800
## 169                   Comoros 1957 42.46000
## 170          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1957 40.65200
## 171               Congo, Rep. 1957 45.05300
## 172                Costa Rica 1957 60.02600
## 173             Cote d'Ivoire 1957 42.46900
## 174                   Croatia 1957 64.77000
## 175                      Cuba 1957 62.32500
## 176            Czech Republic 1957 69.03000
## 177                   Denmark 1957 71.81000
## 178                  Djibouti 1957 37.32800
## 179        Dominican Republic 1957 49.82800
## 180                   Ecuador 1957 51.35600
## 181                     Egypt 1957 44.44400
## 182               El Salvador 1957 48.57000
## 183         Equatorial Guinea 1957 35.98300
## 184                   Eritrea 1957 38.04700
## 185                  Ethiopia 1957 36.66700
## 186                   Finland 1957 67.49000
## 187                    France 1957 68.93000
## 188                     Gabon 1957 38.99900
## 189                    Gambia 1957 32.06500
## 190                   Germany 1957 69.10000
## 191                     Ghana 1957 44.77900
## 192                    Greece 1957 67.86000
## 193                 Guatemala 1957 44.14200
## 194                    Guinea 1957 34.55800
## 195             Guinea-Bissau 1957 33.48900
## 196                     Haiti 1957 40.69600
## 197                  Honduras 1957 44.66500
## 198          Hong Kong, China 1957 64.75000
## 199                   Hungary 1957 66.41000
## 200                   Iceland 1957 73.47000
## 201                     India 1957 40.24900
## 202                 Indonesia 1957 39.91800
## 203                      Iran 1957 47.18100
## 204                      Iraq 1957 48.43700
## 205                   Ireland 1957 68.90000
## 206                    Israel 1957 67.84000
## 207                     Italy 1957 67.81000
## 208                   Jamaica 1957 62.61000
## 209                     Japan 1957 65.50000
## 210                    Jordan 1957 45.66900
## 211                     Kenya 1957 44.68600
## 212          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1957 54.08100
## 213               Korea, Rep. 1957 52.68100
## 214                    Kuwait 1957 58.03300
## 215                   Lebanon 1957 59.48900
## 216                   Lesotho 1957 45.04700
## 217                   Liberia 1957 39.48600
## 218                     Libya 1957 45.28900
## 219                Madagascar 1957 38.86500
## 220                    Malawi 1957 37.20700
## 221                  Malaysia 1957 52.10200
## 222                      Mali 1957 35.30700
## 223                Mauritania 1957 42.33800
## 224                 Mauritius 1957 58.08900
## 225                    Mexico 1957 55.19000
## 226                  Mongolia 1957 45.24800
## 227                Montenegro 1957 61.44800
## 228                   Morocco 1957 45.42300
## 229                Mozambique 1957 33.77900
## 230                   Myanmar 1957 41.90500
## 231                   Namibia 1957 45.22600
## 232                     Nepal 1957 37.68600
## 233               Netherlands 1957 72.99000
## 234               New Zealand 1957 70.26000
## 235                 Nicaragua 1957 45.43200
## 236                     Niger 1957 38.59800
## 237                   Nigeria 1957 37.80200
## 238                    Norway 1957 73.44000
## 239                      Oman 1957 40.08000
## 240                  Pakistan 1957 45.55700
## 241                    Panama 1957 59.20100
## 242                  Paraguay 1957 63.19600
## 243                      Peru 1957 46.26300
## 244               Philippines 1957 51.33400
## 245                    Poland 1957 65.77000
## 246                  Portugal 1957 61.51000
## 247               Puerto Rico 1957 68.54000
## 248                   Reunion 1957 55.09000
## 249                   Romania 1957 64.10000
## 250                    Rwanda 1957 41.50000
## 251     Sao Tome and Principe 1957 48.94500
## 252              Saudi Arabia 1957 42.86800
## 253                   Senegal 1957 39.32900
## 254                    Serbia 1957 61.68500
## 255              Sierra Leone 1957 31.57000
## 256                 Singapore 1957 63.17900
## 257           Slovak Republic 1957 67.45000
## 258                  Slovenia 1957 67.85000
## 259                   Somalia 1957 34.97700
## 260              South Africa 1957 47.98500
## 261                     Spain 1957 66.66000
## 262                 Sri Lanka 1957 61.45600
## 263                     Sudan 1957 39.62400
## 264                 Swaziland 1957 43.42400
## 265                    Sweden 1957 72.49000
## 266               Switzerland 1957 70.56000
## 267                     Syria 1957 48.28400
## 268                    Taiwan 1957 62.40000
## 269                  Tanzania 1957 42.97400
## 270                  Thailand 1957 53.63000
## 271                      Togo 1957 41.20800
## 272       Trinidad and Tobago 1957 61.80000
## 273                   Tunisia 1957 47.10000
## 274                    Turkey 1957 48.07900
## 275                    Uganda 1957 42.57100
## 276            United Kingdom 1957 70.42000
## 277             United States 1957 69.49000
## 278                   Uruguay 1957 67.04400
## 279                 Venezuela 1957 57.90700
## 280                   Vietnam 1957 42.88700
## 281        West Bank and Gaza 1957 45.67100
## 282               Yemen, Rep. 1957 33.97000
## 283                    Zambia 1957 44.07700
## 284                  Zimbabwe 1957 50.46900
## 285               Afghanistan 1962 31.99700
## 286                   Albania 1962 64.82000
## 287                   Algeria 1962 48.30300
## 288                    Angola 1962 34.00000
## 289                 Argentina 1962 65.14200
## 290                 Australia 1962 70.93000
## 291                   Austria 1962 69.54000
## 292                   Bahrain 1962 56.92300
## 293                Bangladesh 1962 41.21600
## 294                   Belgium 1962 70.25000
## 295                     Benin 1962 42.61800
## 296                   Bolivia 1962 43.42800
## 297    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1962 61.93000
## 298                  Botswana 1962 51.52000
## 299                    Brazil 1962 55.66500
## 300                  Bulgaria 1962 69.51000
## 301              Burkina Faso 1962 37.81400
## 302                   Burundi 1962 42.04500
## 303                  Cambodia 1962 43.41500
## 304                  Cameroon 1962 42.64300
## 305                    Canada 1962 71.30000
## 306  Central African Republic 1962 39.47500
## 307                      Chad 1962 41.71600
## 308                     Chile 1962 57.92400
## 309                     China 1962 44.50136
## 310                  Colombia 1962 57.86300
## 311                   Comoros 1962 44.46700
## 312          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1962 42.12200
## 313               Congo, Rep. 1962 48.43500
## 314                Costa Rica 1962 62.84200
## 315             Cote d'Ivoire 1962 44.93000
## 316                   Croatia 1962 67.13000
## 317                      Cuba 1962 65.24600
## 318            Czech Republic 1962 69.90000
## 319                   Denmark 1962 72.35000
## 320                  Djibouti 1962 39.69300
## 321        Dominican Republic 1962 53.45900
## 322                   Ecuador 1962 54.64000
## 323                     Egypt 1962 46.99200
## 324               El Salvador 1962 52.30700
## 325         Equatorial Guinea 1962 37.48500
## 326                   Eritrea 1962 40.15800
## 327                  Ethiopia 1962 40.05900
## 328                   Finland 1962 68.75000
## 329                    France 1962 70.51000
## 330                     Gabon 1962 40.48900
## 331                    Gambia 1962 33.89600
## 332                   Germany 1962 70.30000
## 333                     Ghana 1962 46.45200
## 334                    Greece 1962 69.51000
## 335                 Guatemala 1962 46.95400
## 336                    Guinea 1962 35.75300
## 337             Guinea-Bissau 1962 34.48800
## 338                     Haiti 1962 43.59000
## 339                  Honduras 1962 48.04100
## 340          Hong Kong, China 1962 67.65000
## 341                   Hungary 1962 67.96000
## 342                   Iceland 1962 73.68000
## 343                     India 1962 43.60500
## 344                 Indonesia 1962 42.51800
## 345                      Iran 1962 49.32500
## 346                      Iraq 1962 51.45700
## 347                   Ireland 1962 70.29000
## 348                    Israel 1962 69.39000
## 349                     Italy 1962 69.24000
## 350                   Jamaica 1962 65.61000
## 351                     Japan 1962 68.73000
## 352                    Jordan 1962 48.12600
## 353                     Kenya 1962 47.94900
## 354          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1962 56.65600
## 355               Korea, Rep. 1962 55.29200
## 356                    Kuwait 1962 60.47000
## 357                   Lebanon 1962 62.09400
## 358                   Lesotho 1962 47.74700
## 359                   Liberia 1962 40.50200
## 360                     Libya 1962 47.80800
## 361                Madagascar 1962 40.84800
## 362                    Malawi 1962 38.41000
## 363                  Malaysia 1962 55.73700
## 364                      Mali 1962 36.93600
## 365                Mauritania 1962 44.24800
## 366                 Mauritius 1962 60.24600
## 367                    Mexico 1962 58.29900
## 368                  Mongolia 1962 48.25100
## 369                Montenegro 1962 63.72800
## 370                   Morocco 1962 47.92400
## 371                Mozambique 1962 36.16100
## 372                   Myanmar 1962 45.10800
## 373                   Namibia 1962 48.38600
## 374                     Nepal 1962 39.39300
## 375               Netherlands 1962 73.23000
## 376               New Zealand 1962 71.24000
## 377                 Nicaragua 1962 48.63200
## 378                     Niger 1962 39.48700
## 379                   Nigeria 1962 39.36000
## 380                    Norway 1962 73.47000
## 381                      Oman 1962 43.16500
## 382                  Pakistan 1962 47.67000
## 383                    Panama 1962 61.81700
## 384                  Paraguay 1962 64.36100
## 385                      Peru 1962 49.09600
## 386               Philippines 1962 54.75700
## 387                    Poland 1962 67.64000
## 388                  Portugal 1962 64.39000
## 389               Puerto Rico 1962 69.62000
## 390                   Reunion 1962 57.66600
## 391                   Romania 1962 66.80000
## 392                    Rwanda 1962 43.00000
## 393     Sao Tome and Principe 1962 51.89300
## 394              Saudi Arabia 1962 45.91400
## 395                   Senegal 1962 41.45400
## 396                    Serbia 1962 64.53100
## 397              Sierra Leone 1962 32.76700
## 398                 Singapore 1962 65.79800
## 399           Slovak Republic 1962 70.33000
## 400                  Slovenia 1962 69.15000
## 401                   Somalia 1962 36.98100
## 402              South Africa 1962 49.95100
## 403                     Spain 1962 69.69000
## 404                 Sri Lanka 1962 62.19200
## 405                     Sudan 1962 40.87000
## 406                 Swaziland 1962 44.99200
## 407                    Sweden 1962 73.37000
## 408               Switzerland 1962 71.32000
## 409                     Syria 1962 50.30500
## 410                    Taiwan 1962 65.20000
## 411                  Tanzania 1962 44.24600
## 412                  Thailand 1962 56.06100
## 413                      Togo 1962 43.92200
## 414       Trinidad and Tobago 1962 64.90000
## 415                   Tunisia 1962 49.57900
## 416                    Turkey 1962 52.09800
## 417                    Uganda 1962 45.34400
## 418            United Kingdom 1962 70.76000
## 419             United States 1962 70.21000
## 420                   Uruguay 1962 68.25300
## 421                 Venezuela 1962 60.77000
## 422                   Vietnam 1962 45.36300
## 423        West Bank and Gaza 1962 48.12700
## 424               Yemen, Rep. 1962 35.18000
## 425                    Zambia 1962 46.02300
## 426                  Zimbabwe 1962 52.35800
## 427               Afghanistan 1967 34.02000
## 428                   Albania 1967 66.22000
## 429                   Algeria 1967 51.40700
## 430                    Angola 1967 35.98500
## 431                 Argentina 1967 65.63400
## 432                 Australia 1967 71.10000
## 433                   Austria 1967 70.14000
## 434                   Bahrain 1967 59.92300
## 435                Bangladesh 1967 43.45300
## 436                   Belgium 1967 70.94000
## 437                     Benin 1967 44.88500
## 438                   Bolivia 1967 45.03200
## 439    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1967 64.79000
## 440                  Botswana 1967 53.29800
## 441                    Brazil 1967 57.63200
## 442                  Bulgaria 1967 70.42000
## 443              Burkina Faso 1967 40.69700
## 444                   Burundi 1967 43.54800
## 445                  Cambodia 1967 45.41500
## 446                  Cameroon 1967 44.79900
## 447                    Canada 1967 72.13000
## 448  Central African Republic 1967 41.47800
## 449                      Chad 1967 43.60100
## 450                     Chile 1967 60.52300
## 451                     China 1967 58.38112
## 452                  Colombia 1967 59.96300
## 453                   Comoros 1967 46.47200
## 454          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1967 44.05600
## 455               Congo, Rep. 1967 52.04000
## 456                Costa Rica 1967 65.42400
## 457             Cote d'Ivoire 1967 47.35000
## 458                   Croatia 1967 68.50000
## 459                      Cuba 1967 68.29000
## 460            Czech Republic 1967 70.38000
## 461                   Denmark 1967 72.96000
## 462                  Djibouti 1967 42.07400
## 463        Dominican Republic 1967 56.75100
## 464                   Ecuador 1967 56.67800
## 465                     Egypt 1967 49.29300
## 466               El Salvador 1967 55.85500
## 467         Equatorial Guinea 1967 38.98700
## 468                   Eritrea 1967 42.18900
## 469                  Ethiopia 1967 42.11500
## 470                   Finland 1967 69.83000
## 471                    France 1967 71.55000
## 472                     Gabon 1967 44.59800
## 473                    Gambia 1967 35.85700
## 474                   Germany 1967 70.80000
## 475                     Ghana 1967 48.07200
## 476                    Greece 1967 71.00000
## 477                 Guatemala 1967 50.01600
## 478                    Guinea 1967 37.19700
## 479             Guinea-Bissau 1967 35.49200
## 480                     Haiti 1967 46.24300
## 481                  Honduras 1967 50.92400
## 482          Hong Kong, China 1967 70.00000
## 483                   Hungary 1967 69.50000
## 484                   Iceland 1967 73.73000
## 485                     India 1967 47.19300
## 486                 Indonesia 1967 45.96400
## 487                      Iran 1967 52.46900
## 488                      Iraq 1967 54.45900
## 489                   Ireland 1967 71.08000
## 490                    Israel 1967 70.75000
## 491                     Italy 1967 71.06000
## 492                   Jamaica 1967 67.51000
## 493                     Japan 1967 71.43000
## 494                    Jordan 1967 51.62900
## 495                     Kenya 1967 50.65400
## 496          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1967 59.94200
## 497               Korea, Rep. 1967 57.71600
## 498                    Kuwait 1967 64.62400
## 499                   Lebanon 1967 63.87000
## 500                   Lesotho 1967 48.49200
## 501                   Liberia 1967 41.53600
## 502                     Libya 1967 50.22700
## 503                Madagascar 1967 42.88100
## 504                    Malawi 1967 39.48700
## 505                  Malaysia 1967 59.37100
## 506                      Mali 1967 38.48700
## 507                Mauritania 1967 46.28900
## 508                 Mauritius 1967 61.55700
## 509                    Mexico 1967 60.11000
## 510                  Mongolia 1967 51.25300
## 511                Montenegro 1967 67.17800
## 512                   Morocco 1967 50.33500
## 513                Mozambique 1967 38.11300
## 514                   Myanmar 1967 49.37900
## 515                   Namibia 1967 51.15900
## 516                     Nepal 1967 41.47200
## 517               Netherlands 1967 73.82000
## 518               New Zealand 1967 71.52000
## 519                 Nicaragua 1967 51.88400
## 520                     Niger 1967 40.11800
## 521                   Nigeria 1967 41.04000
## 522                    Norway 1967 74.08000
## 523                      Oman 1967 46.98800
## 524                  Pakistan 1967 49.80000
## 525                    Panama 1967 64.07100
## 526                  Paraguay 1967 64.95100
## 527                      Peru 1967 51.44500
## 528               Philippines 1967 56.39300
## 529                    Poland 1967 69.61000
## 530                  Portugal 1967 66.60000
## 531               Puerto Rico 1967 71.10000
## 532                   Reunion 1967 60.54200
## 533                   Romania 1967 66.80000
## 534                    Rwanda 1967 44.10000
## 535     Sao Tome and Principe 1967 54.42500
## 536              Saudi Arabia 1967 49.90100
## 537                   Senegal 1967 43.56300
## 538                    Serbia 1967 66.91400
## 539              Sierra Leone 1967 34.11300
## 540                 Singapore 1967 67.94600
## 541           Slovak Republic 1967 70.98000
## 542                  Slovenia 1967 69.18000
## 543                   Somalia 1967 38.97700
## 544              South Africa 1967 51.92700
## 545                     Spain 1967 71.44000
## 546                 Sri Lanka 1967 64.26600
## 547                     Sudan 1967 42.85800
## 548                 Swaziland 1967 46.63300
## 549                    Sweden 1967 74.16000
## 550               Switzerland 1967 72.77000
## 551                     Syria 1967 53.65500
## 552                    Taiwan 1967 67.50000
## 553                  Tanzania 1967 45.75700
## 554                  Thailand 1967 58.28500
## 555                      Togo 1967 46.76900
## 556       Trinidad and Tobago 1967 65.40000
## 557                   Tunisia 1967 52.05300
## 558                    Turkey 1967 54.33600
## 559                    Uganda 1967 48.05100
## 560            United Kingdom 1967 71.36000
## 561             United States 1967 70.76000
## 562                   Uruguay 1967 68.46800
## 563                 Venezuela 1967 63.47900
## 564                   Vietnam 1967 47.83800
## 565        West Bank and Gaza 1967 51.63100
## 566               Yemen, Rep. 1967 36.98400
## 567                    Zambia 1967 47.76800
## 568                  Zimbabwe 1967 53.99500
## 569               Afghanistan 1972 36.08800
## 570                   Albania 1972 67.69000
## 571                   Algeria 1972 54.51800
## 572                    Angola 1972 37.92800
## 573                 Argentina 1972 67.06500
## 574                 Australia 1972 71.93000
## 575                   Austria 1972 70.63000
## 576                   Bahrain 1972 63.30000
## 577                Bangladesh 1972 45.25200
## 578                   Belgium 1972 71.44000
## 579                     Benin 1972 47.01400
## 580                   Bolivia 1972 46.71400
## 581    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1972 67.45000
## 582                  Botswana 1972 56.02400
## 583                    Brazil 1972 59.50400
## 584                  Bulgaria 1972 70.90000
## 585              Burkina Faso 1972 43.59100
## 586                   Burundi 1972 44.05700
## 587                  Cambodia 1972 40.31700
## 588                  Cameroon 1972 47.04900
## 589                    Canada 1972 72.88000
## 590  Central African Republic 1972 43.45700
## 591                      Chad 1972 45.56900
## 592                     Chile 1972 63.44100
## 593                     China 1972 63.11888
## 594                  Colombia 1972 61.62300
## 595                   Comoros 1972 48.94400
## 596          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1972 45.98900
## 597               Congo, Rep. 1972 54.90700
## 598                Costa Rica 1972 67.84900
## 599             Cote d'Ivoire 1972 49.80100
## 600                   Croatia 1972 69.61000
## 601                      Cuba 1972 70.72300
## 602            Czech Republic 1972 70.29000
## 603                   Denmark 1972 73.47000
## 604                  Djibouti 1972 44.36600
## 605        Dominican Republic 1972 59.63100
## 606                   Ecuador 1972 58.79600
## 607                     Egypt 1972 51.13700
## 608               El Salvador 1972 58.20700
## 609         Equatorial Guinea 1972 40.51600
## 610                   Eritrea 1972 44.14200
## 611                  Ethiopia 1972 43.51500
## 612                   Finland 1972 70.87000
## 613                    France 1972 72.38000
## 614                     Gabon 1972 48.69000
## 615                    Gambia 1972 38.30800
## 616                   Germany 1972 71.00000
## 617                     Ghana 1972 49.87500
## 618                    Greece 1972 72.34000
## 619                 Guatemala 1972 53.73800
## 620                    Guinea 1972 38.84200
## 621             Guinea-Bissau 1972 36.48600
## 622                     Haiti 1972 48.04200
## 623                  Honduras 1972 53.88400
## 624          Hong Kong, China 1972 72.00000
## 625                   Hungary 1972 69.76000
## 626                   Iceland 1972 74.46000
## 627                     India 1972 50.65100
## 628                 Indonesia 1972 49.20300
## 629                      Iran 1972 55.23400
## 630                      Iraq 1972 56.95000
## 631                   Ireland 1972 71.28000
## 632                    Israel 1972 71.63000
## 633                     Italy 1972 72.19000
## 634                   Jamaica 1972 69.00000
## 635                     Japan 1972 73.42000
## 636                    Jordan 1972 56.52800
## 637                     Kenya 1972 53.55900
## 638          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1972 63.98300
## 639               Korea, Rep. 1972 62.61200
## 640                    Kuwait 1972 67.71200
## 641                   Lebanon 1972 65.42100
## 642                   Lesotho 1972 49.76700
## 643                   Liberia 1972 42.61400
## 644                     Libya 1972 52.77300
## 645                Madagascar 1972 44.85100
## 646                    Malawi 1972 41.76600
## 647                  Malaysia 1972 63.01000
## 648                      Mali 1972 39.97700
## 649                Mauritania 1972 48.43700
## 650                 Mauritius 1972 62.94400
## 651                    Mexico 1972 62.36100
## 652                  Mongolia 1972 53.75400
## 653                Montenegro 1972 70.63600
## 654                   Morocco 1972 52.86200
## 655                Mozambique 1972 40.32800
## 656                   Myanmar 1972 53.07000
## 657                   Namibia 1972 53.86700
## 658                     Nepal 1972 43.97100
## 659               Netherlands 1972 73.75000
## 660               New Zealand 1972 71.89000
## 661                 Nicaragua 1972 55.15100
## 662                     Niger 1972 40.54600
## 663                   Nigeria 1972 42.82100
## 664                    Norway 1972 74.34000
## 665                      Oman 1972 52.14300
## 666                  Pakistan 1972 51.92900
## 667                    Panama 1972 66.21600
## 668                  Paraguay 1972 65.81500
## 669                      Peru 1972 55.44800
## 670               Philippines 1972 58.06500
## 671                    Poland 1972 70.85000
## 672                  Portugal 1972 69.26000
## 673               Puerto Rico 1972 72.16000
## 674                   Reunion 1972 64.27400
## 675                   Romania 1972 69.21000
## 676                    Rwanda 1972 44.60000
## 677     Sao Tome and Principe 1972 56.48000
## 678              Saudi Arabia 1972 53.88600
## 679                   Senegal 1972 45.81500
## 680                    Serbia 1972 68.70000
## 681              Sierra Leone 1972 35.40000
## 682                 Singapore 1972 69.52100
## 683           Slovak Republic 1972 70.35000
## 684                  Slovenia 1972 69.82000
## 685                   Somalia 1972 40.97300
## 686              South Africa 1972 53.69600
## 687                     Spain 1972 73.06000
## 688                 Sri Lanka 1972 65.04200
## 689                     Sudan 1972 45.08300
## 690                 Swaziland 1972 49.55200
## 691                    Sweden 1972 74.72000
## 692               Switzerland 1972 73.78000
## 693                     Syria 1972 57.29600
## 694                    Taiwan 1972 69.39000
## 695                  Tanzania 1972 47.62000
## 696                  Thailand 1972 60.40500
## 697                      Togo 1972 49.75900
## 698       Trinidad and Tobago 1972 65.90000
## 699                   Tunisia 1972 55.60200
## 700                    Turkey 1972 57.00500
## 701                    Uganda 1972 51.01600
## 702            United Kingdom 1972 72.01000
## 703             United States 1972 71.34000
## 704                   Uruguay 1972 68.67300
## 705                 Venezuela 1972 65.71200
## 706                   Vietnam 1972 50.25400
## 707        West Bank and Gaza 1972 56.53200
## 708               Yemen, Rep. 1972 39.84800
## 709                    Zambia 1972 50.10700
## 710                  Zimbabwe 1972 55.63500
## 711               Afghanistan 1977 38.43800
## 712                   Albania 1977 68.93000
## 713                   Algeria 1977 58.01400
## 714                    Angola 1977 39.48300
## 715                 Argentina 1977 68.48100
## 716                 Australia 1977 73.49000
## 717                   Austria 1977 72.17000
## 718                   Bahrain 1977 65.59300
## 719                Bangladesh 1977 46.92300
## 720                   Belgium 1977 72.80000
## 721                     Benin 1977 49.19000
## 722                   Bolivia 1977 50.02300
## 723    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1977 69.86000
## 724                  Botswana 1977 59.31900
## 725                    Brazil 1977 61.48900
## 726                  Bulgaria 1977 70.81000
## 727              Burkina Faso 1977 46.13700
## 728                   Burundi 1977 45.91000
## 729                  Cambodia 1977 31.22000
## 730                  Cameroon 1977 49.35500
## 731                    Canada 1977 74.21000
## 732  Central African Republic 1977 46.77500
## 733                      Chad 1977 47.38300
## 734                     Chile 1977 67.05200
## 735                     China 1977 63.96736
## 736                  Colombia 1977 63.83700
## 737                   Comoros 1977 50.93900
## 738          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1977 47.80400
## 739               Congo, Rep. 1977 55.62500
## 740                Costa Rica 1977 70.75000
## 741             Cote d'Ivoire 1977 52.37400
## 742                   Croatia 1977 70.64000
## 743                      Cuba 1977 72.64900
## 744            Czech Republic 1977 70.71000
## 745                   Denmark 1977 74.69000
## 746                  Djibouti 1977 46.51900
## 747        Dominican Republic 1977 61.78800
## 748                   Ecuador 1977 61.31000
## 749                     Egypt 1977 53.31900
## 750               El Salvador 1977 56.69600
## 751         Equatorial Guinea 1977 42.02400
## 752                   Eritrea 1977 44.53500
## 753                  Ethiopia 1977 44.51000
## 754                   Finland 1977 72.52000
## 755                    France 1977 73.83000
## 756                     Gabon 1977 52.79000
## 757                    Gambia 1977 41.84200
## 758                   Germany 1977 72.50000
## 759                     Ghana 1977 51.75600
## 760                    Greece 1977 73.68000
## 761                 Guatemala 1977 56.02900
## 762                    Guinea 1977 40.76200
## 763             Guinea-Bissau 1977 37.46500
## 764                     Haiti 1977 49.92300
## 765                  Honduras 1977 57.40200
## 766          Hong Kong, China 1977 73.60000
## 767                   Hungary 1977 69.95000
## 768                   Iceland 1977 76.11000
## 769                     India 1977 54.20800
## 770                 Indonesia 1977 52.70200
## 771                      Iran 1977 57.70200
## 772                      Iraq 1977 60.41300
## 773                   Ireland 1977 72.03000
## 774                    Israel 1977 73.06000
## 775                     Italy 1977 73.48000
## 776                   Jamaica 1977 70.11000
## 777                     Japan 1977 75.38000
## 778                    Jordan 1977 61.13400
## 779                     Kenya 1977 56.15500
## 780          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1977 67.15900
## 781               Korea, Rep. 1977 64.76600
## 782                    Kuwait 1977 69.34300
## 783                   Lebanon 1977 66.09900
## 784                   Lesotho 1977 52.20800
## 785                   Liberia 1977 43.76400
## 786                     Libya 1977 57.44200
## 787                Madagascar 1977 46.88100
## 788                    Malawi 1977 43.76700
## 789                  Malaysia 1977 65.25600
## 790                      Mali 1977 41.71400
## 791                Mauritania 1977 50.85200
## 792                 Mauritius 1977 64.93000
## 793                    Mexico 1977 65.03200
## 794                  Mongolia 1977 55.49100
## 795                Montenegro 1977 73.06600
## 796                   Morocco 1977 55.73000
## 797                Mozambique 1977 42.49500
## 798                   Myanmar 1977 56.05900
## 799                   Namibia 1977 56.43700
## 800                     Nepal 1977 46.74800
## 801               Netherlands 1977 75.24000
## 802               New Zealand 1977 72.22000
## 803                 Nicaragua 1977 57.47000
## 804                     Niger 1977 41.29100
## 805                   Nigeria 1977 44.51400
## 806                    Norway 1977 75.37000
## 807                      Oman 1977 57.36700
## 808                  Pakistan 1977 54.04300
## 809                    Panama 1977 68.68100
## 810                  Paraguay 1977 66.35300
## 811                      Peru 1977 58.44700
## 812               Philippines 1977 60.06000
## 813                    Poland 1977 70.67000
## 814                  Portugal 1977 70.41000
## 815               Puerto Rico 1977 73.44000
## 816                   Reunion 1977 67.06400
## 817                   Romania 1977 69.46000
## 818                    Rwanda 1977 45.00000
## 819     Sao Tome and Principe 1977 58.55000
## 820              Saudi Arabia 1977 58.69000
## 821                   Senegal 1977 48.87900
## 822                    Serbia 1977 70.30000
## 823              Sierra Leone 1977 36.78800
## 824                 Singapore 1977 70.79500
## 825           Slovak Republic 1977 70.45000
## 826                  Slovenia 1977 70.97000
## 827                   Somalia 1977 41.97400
## 828              South Africa 1977 55.52700
## 829                     Spain 1977 74.39000
## 830                 Sri Lanka 1977 65.94900
## 831                     Sudan 1977 47.80000
## 832                 Swaziland 1977 52.53700
## 833                    Sweden 1977 75.44000
## 834               Switzerland 1977 75.39000
## 835                     Syria 1977 61.19500
## 836                    Taiwan 1977 70.59000
## 837                  Tanzania 1977 49.91900
## 838                  Thailand 1977 62.49400
## 839                      Togo 1977 52.88700
## 840       Trinidad and Tobago 1977 68.30000
## 841                   Tunisia 1977 59.83700
## 842                    Turkey 1977 59.50700
## 843                    Uganda 1977 50.35000
## 844            United Kingdom 1977 72.76000
## 845             United States 1977 73.38000
## 846                   Uruguay 1977 69.48100
## 847                 Venezuela 1977 67.45600
## 848                   Vietnam 1977 55.76400
## 849        West Bank and Gaza 1977 60.76500
## 850               Yemen, Rep. 1977 44.17500
## 851                    Zambia 1977 51.38600
## 852                  Zimbabwe 1977 57.67400
## 853               Afghanistan 1982 39.85400
## 854                   Albania 1982 70.42000
## 855                   Algeria 1982 61.36800
## 856                    Angola 1982 39.94200
## 857                 Argentina 1982 69.94200
## 858                 Australia 1982 74.74000
## 859                   Austria 1982 73.18000
## 860                   Bahrain 1982 69.05200
## 861                Bangladesh 1982 50.00900
## 862                   Belgium 1982 73.93000
## 863                     Benin 1982 50.90400
## 864                   Bolivia 1982 53.85900
## 865    Bosnia and Herzegovina 1982 70.69000
## 866                  Botswana 1982 61.48400
## 867                    Brazil 1982 63.33600
## 868                  Bulgaria 1982 71.08000
## 869              Burkina Faso 1982 48.12200
## 870                   Burundi 1982 47.47100
## 871                  Cambodia 1982 50.95700
## 872                  Cameroon 1982 52.96100
## 873                    Canada 1982 75.76000
## 874  Central African Republic 1982 48.29500
## 875                      Chad 1982 49.51700
## 876                     Chile 1982 70.56500
## 877                     China 1982 65.52500
## 878                  Colombia 1982 66.65300
## 879                   Comoros 1982 52.93300
## 880          Congo, Dem. Rep. 1982 47.78400
## 881               Congo, Rep. 1982 56.69500
## 882                Costa Rica 1982 73.45000
## 883             Cote d'Ivoire 1982 53.98300
## 884                   Croatia 1982 70.46000
## 885                      Cuba 1982 73.71700
## 886            Czech Republic 1982 70.96000
## 887                   Denmark 1982 74.63000
## 888                  Djibouti 1982 48.81200
## 889        Dominican Republic 1982 63.72700
## 890                   Ecuador 1982 64.34200
## 891                     Egypt 1982 56.00600
## 892               El Salvador 1982 56.60400
## 893         Equatorial Guinea 1982 43.66200
## 894                   Eritrea 1982 43.89000
## 895                  Ethiopia 1982 44.91600
## 896                   Finland 1982 74.55000
## 897                    France 1982 74.89000
## 898                     Gabon 1982 56.56400
## 899                    Gambia 1982 45.58000
## 900                   Germany 1982 73.80000
## 901                     Ghana 1982 53.74400
## 902                    Greece 1982 75.24000
## 903                 Guatemala 1982 58.13700
## 904                    Guinea 1982 42.89100
## 905             Guinea-Bissau 1982 39.32700
## 906                     Haiti 1982 51.46100
## 907                  Honduras 1982 60.90900
## 908          Hong Kong, China 1982 75.45000
## 909                   Hungary 1982 69.39000
## 910                   Iceland 1982 76.99000
## 911                     India 1982 56.59600
## 912                 Indonesia 1982 56.15900
## 913                      Iran 1982 59.62000
## 914                      Iraq 1982 62.03800
## 915                   Ireland 1982 73.10000
## 916                    Israel 1982 74.45000
## 917                     Italy 1982 74.98000
## 918                   Jamaica 1982 71.21000
## 919                     Japan 1982 77.11000
## 920                    Jordan 1982 63.73900
## 921                     Kenya 1982 58.76600
## 922          Korea, Dem. Rep. 1982 69.10000
## 923               Korea, Rep. 1982 67.12300
## 924                    Kuwait 1982 71.30900
## 925                   Lebanon 1982 66.98300
## 926                   Lesotho 1982 55.07800
## 927                   Liberia 1982 44.85200
## 928                     Libya 1982 62.15500
## 929                Madagascar 1982 48.96900
## 930                    Malawi 1982 45.64200
## 931                  Malaysia 1982 68.00000
## 932                      Mali 1982 43.91600
## 933                Mauritania 1982 53.59900
## 934                 Mauritius 1982 66.71100
## 935                    Mexico 1982 67.40500
## 936                  Mongolia 1982 57.48900
## 937                Montenegro 1982 74.10100
## 938                   Morocco 1982 59.65000
## 939                Mozambique 1982 42.79500
## 940                   Myanmar 1982 58.05600
## 941                   Namibia 1982 58.96800
## 942                     Nepal 1982 49.59400
## 943               Netherlands 1982 76.05000
## 944               New Zealand 1982 73.84000
## 945                 Nicaragua 1982 59.29800
## 946                     Niger 1982 42.59800
## 947                   Nigeria 1982 45.82600
## 948                    Norway 1982 75.97000
## 949                      Oman 1982 62.72800
## 950                  Pakistan 1982 56.15800
## 951                    Panama 1982 70.47200
## 952                  Paraguay 1982 66.87400
## 953                      Peru 1982 61.40600
## 954               Philippines 1982 62.08200
## 955                    Poland 1982 71.32000
## 956                  Portugal 1982 72.77000
## 957               Puerto Rico 1982 73.75000
## 958                   Reunion 1982 69.88500
## 959                   Romania 1982 69.66000
## 960                    Rwanda 1982 46.21800
## 961     Sao Tome and Principe 1982 60.35100
## 962              Saudi Arabia 1982 63.01200
## 963                   Senegal 1982 52.37900
## 964                    Serbia 1982 70.16200
## 965              Sierra Leone 1982 38.44500
## 966                 Singapore 1982 71.76000
## 967           Slovak Republic 1982 70.80000
## 968                  Slovenia 1982 71.06300
## 969                   Somalia 1982 42.95500
## 970              South Africa 1982 58.16100
## 971                     Spain 1982 76.30000
## 972                 Sri Lanka 1982 68.75700
## 973                     Sudan 1982 50.33800
## 974                 Swaziland 1982 55.56100
## 975                    Sweden 1982 76.42000
## 976               Switzerland 1982 76.21000
## 977                     Syria 1982 64.59000
## 978                    Taiwan 1982 72.16000
## 979                  Tanzania 1982 50.60800
## 980                  Thailand 1982 64.59700
## 981                      Togo 1982 55.47100
## 982       Trinidad and Tobago 1982 68.83200
## 983                   Tunisia 1982 64.04800
## 984                    Turkey 1982 61.03600
## 985                    Uganda 1982 49.84900
## 986            United Kingdom 1982 74.04000
## 987             United States 1982 74.65000
## 988                   Uruguay 1982 70.80500
## 989                 Venezuela 1982 68.55700
## 990                   Vietnam 1982 58.81600
## 991        West Bank and Gaza 1982 64.40600
## 992               Yemen, Rep. 1982 49.11300
## 993                    Zambia 1982 51.82100
## 994                  Zimbabwe 1982 60.36300
## 995               Afghanistan 1987 40.82200
## 996                   Albania 1987 72.00000
## 997                   Algeria 1987 65.79900
## 998                    Angola 1987 39.90600
## 999                 Argentina 1987 70.77400
## 1000                Australia 1987 76.32000
## 1001                  Austria 1987 74.94000
## 1002                  Bahrain 1987 70.75000
## 1003               Bangladesh 1987 52.81900
## 1004                  Belgium 1987 75.35000
## 1005                    Benin 1987 52.33700
## 1006                  Bolivia 1987 57.25100
## 1007   Bosnia and Herzegovina 1987 71.14000
## 1008                 Botswana 1987 63.62200
## 1009                   Brazil 1987 65.20500
## 1010                 Bulgaria 1987 71.34000
## 1011             Burkina Faso 1987 49.55700
## 1012                  Burundi 1987 48.21100
## 1013                 Cambodia 1987 53.91400
## 1014                 Cameroon 1987 54.98500
## 1015                   Canada 1987 76.86000
## 1016 Central African Republic 1987 50.48500
## 1017                     Chad 1987 51.05100
## 1018                    Chile 1987 72.49200
## 1019                    China 1987 67.27400
## 1020                 Colombia 1987 67.76800
## 1021                  Comoros 1987 54.92600
## 1022         Congo, Dem. Rep. 1987 47.41200
## 1023              Congo, Rep. 1987 57.47000
## 1024               Costa Rica 1987 74.75200
## 1025            Cote d'Ivoire 1987 54.65500
## 1026                  Croatia 1987 71.52000
## 1027                     Cuba 1987 74.17400
## 1028           Czech Republic 1987 71.58000
## 1029                  Denmark 1987 74.80000
## 1030                 Djibouti 1987 50.04000
## 1031       Dominican Republic 1987 66.04600
## 1032                  Ecuador 1987 67.23100
## 1033                    Egypt 1987 59.79700
## 1034              El Salvador 1987 63.15400
## 1035        Equatorial Guinea 1987 45.66400
## 1036                  Eritrea 1987 46.45300
## 1037                 Ethiopia 1987 46.68400
## 1038                  Finland 1987 74.83000
## 1039                   France 1987 76.34000
## 1040                    Gabon 1987 60.19000
## 1041                   Gambia 1987 49.26500
## 1042                  Germany 1987 74.84700
## 1043                    Ghana 1987 55.72900
## 1044                   Greece 1987 76.67000
## 1045                Guatemala 1987 60.78200
## 1046                   Guinea 1987 45.55200
## 1047            Guinea-Bissau 1987 41.24500
## 1048                    Haiti 1987 53.63600
## 1049                 Honduras 1987 64.49200
## 1050         Hong Kong, China 1987 76.20000
## 1051                  Hungary 1987 69.58000
## 1052                  Iceland 1987 77.23000
## 1053                    India 1987 58.55300
## 1054                Indonesia 1987 60.13700
## 1055                     Iran 1987 63.04000
## 1056                     Iraq 1987 65.04400
## 1057                  Ireland 1987 74.36000
## 1058                   Israel 1987 75.60000
## 1059                    Italy 1987 76.42000
## 1060                  Jamaica 1987 71.77000
## 1061                    Japan 1987 78.67000
## 1062                   Jordan 1987 65.86900
## 1063                    Kenya 1987 59.33900
## 1064         Korea, Dem. Rep. 1987 70.64700
## 1065              Korea, Rep. 1987 69.81000
## 1066                   Kuwait 1987 74.17400
## 1067                  Lebanon 1987 67.92600
## 1068                  Lesotho 1987 57.18000
## 1069                  Liberia 1987 46.02700
## 1070                    Libya 1987 66.23400
## 1071               Madagascar 1987 49.35000
## 1072                   Malawi 1987 47.45700
## 1073                 Malaysia 1987 69.50000
## 1074                     Mali 1987 46.36400
## 1075               Mauritania 1987 56.14500
## 1076                Mauritius 1987 68.74000
## 1077                   Mexico 1987 69.49800
## 1078                 Mongolia 1987 60.22200
## 1079               Montenegro 1987 74.86500
## 1080                  Morocco 1987 62.67700
## 1081               Mozambique 1987 42.86100
## 1082                  Myanmar 1987 58.33900
## 1083                  Namibia 1987 60.83500
## 1084                    Nepal 1987 52.53700
## 1085              Netherlands 1987 76.83000
## 1086              New Zealand 1987 74.32000
## 1087                Nicaragua 1987 62.00800
## 1088                    Niger 1987 44.55500
## 1089                  Nigeria 1987 46.88600
## 1090                   Norway 1987 75.89000
## 1091                     Oman 1987 67.73400
## 1092                 Pakistan 1987 58.24500
## 1093                   Panama 1987 71.52300
## 1094                 Paraguay 1987 67.37800
## 1095                     Peru 1987 64.13400
## 1096              Philippines 1987 64.15100
## 1097                   Poland 1987 70.98000
## 1098                 Portugal 1987 74.06000
## 1099              Puerto Rico 1987 74.63000
## 1100                  Reunion 1987 71.91300
## 1101                  Romania 1987 69.53000
## 1102                   Rwanda 1987 44.02000
## 1103    Sao Tome and Principe 1987 61.72800
## 1104             Saudi Arabia 1987 66.29500
## 1105                  Senegal 1987 55.76900
## 1106                   Serbia 1987 71.21800
## 1107             Sierra Leone 1987 40.00600
## 1108                Singapore 1987 73.56000
## 1109          Slovak Republic 1987 71.08000
## 1110                 Slovenia 1987 72.25000
## 1111                  Somalia 1987 44.50100
## 1112             South Africa 1987 60.83400
## 1113                    Spain 1987 76.90000
## 1114                Sri Lanka 1987 69.01100
## 1115                    Sudan 1987 51.74400
## 1116                Swaziland 1987 57.67800
## 1117                   Sweden 1987 77.19000
## 1118              Switzerland 1987 77.41000
## 1119                    Syria 1987 66.97400
## 1120                   Taiwan 1987 73.40000
## 1121                 Tanzania 1987 51.53500
## 1122                 Thailand 1987 66.08400
## 1123                     Togo 1987 56.94100
## 1124      Trinidad and Tobago 1987 69.58200
## 1125                  Tunisia 1987 66.89400
## 1126                   Turkey 1987 63.10800
## 1127                   Uganda 1987 51.50900
## 1128           United Kingdom 1987 75.00700
## 1129            United States 1987 75.02000
## 1130                  Uruguay 1987 71.91800
## 1131                Venezuela 1987 70.19000
## 1132                  Vietnam 1987 62.82000
## 1133       West Bank and Gaza 1987 67.04600
## 1134              Yemen, Rep. 1987 52.92200
## 1135                   Zambia 1987 50.82100
## 1136                 Zimbabwe 1987 62.35100
## 1137              Afghanistan 1992 41.67400
## 1138                  Albania 1992 71.58100
## 1139                  Algeria 1992 67.74400
## 1140                   Angola 1992 40.64700
## 1141                Argentina 1992 71.86800
## 1142                Australia 1992 77.56000
## 1143                  Austria 1992 76.04000
## 1144                  Bahrain 1992 72.60100
## 1145               Bangladesh 1992 56.01800
## 1146                  Belgium 1992 76.46000
## 1147                    Benin 1992 53.91900
## 1148                  Bolivia 1992 59.95700
## 1149   Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992 72.17800
## 1150                 Botswana 1992 62.74500
## 1151                   Brazil 1992 67.05700
## 1152                 Bulgaria 1992 71.19000
## 1153             Burkina Faso 1992 50.26000
## 1154                  Burundi 1992 44.73600
## 1155                 Cambodia 1992 55.80300
## 1156                 Cameroon 1992 54.31400
## 1157                   Canada 1992 77.95000
## 1158 Central African Republic 1992 49.39600
## 1159                     Chad 1992 51.72400
## 1160                    Chile 1992 74.12600
## 1161                    China 1992 68.69000
## 1162                 Colombia 1992 68.42100
## 1163                  Comoros 1992 57.93900
## 1164         Congo, Dem. Rep. 1992 45.54800
## 1165              Congo, Rep. 1992 56.43300
## 1166               Costa Rica 1992 75.71300
## 1167            Cote d'Ivoire 1992 52.04400
## 1168                  Croatia 1992 72.52700
## 1169                     Cuba 1992 74.41400
## 1170           Czech Republic 1992 72.40000
## 1171                  Denmark 1992 75.33000
## 1172                 Djibouti 1992 51.60400
## 1173       Dominican Republic 1992 68.45700
## 1174                  Ecuador 1992 69.61300
## 1175                    Egypt 1992 63.67400
## 1176              El Salvador 1992 66.79800
## 1177        Equatorial Guinea 1992 47.54500
## 1178                  Eritrea 1992 49.99100
## 1179                 Ethiopia 1992 48.09100
## 1180                  Finland 1992 75.70000
## 1181                   France 1992 77.46000
## 1182                    Gabon 1992 61.36600
## 1183                   Gambia 1992 52.64400
## 1184                  Germany 1992 76.07000
## 1185                    Ghana 1992 57.50100
## 1186                   Greece 1992 77.03000
## 1187                Guatemala 1992 63.37300
## 1188                   Guinea 1992 48.57600
## 1189            Guinea-Bissau 1992 43.26600
## 1190                    Haiti 1992 55.08900
## 1191                 Honduras 1992 66.39900
## 1192         Hong Kong, China 1992 77.60100
## 1193                  Hungary 1992 69.17000
## 1194                  Iceland 1992 78.77000
## 1195                    India 1992 60.22300
## 1196                Indonesia 1992 62.68100
## 1197                     Iran 1992 65.74200
## 1198                     Iraq 1992 59.46100
## 1199                  Ireland 1992 75.46700
## 1200                   Israel 1992 76.93000
## 1201                    Italy 1992 77.44000
## 1202                  Jamaica 1992 71.76600
## 1203                    Japan 1992 79.36000
## 1204                   Jordan 1992 68.01500
## 1205                    Kenya 1992 59.28500
## 1206         Korea, Dem. Rep. 1992 69.97800
## 1207              Korea, Rep. 1992 72.24400
## 1208                   Kuwait 1992 75.19000
## 1209                  Lebanon 1992 69.29200
## 1210                  Lesotho 1992 59.68500
## 1211                  Liberia 1992 40.80200
## 1212                    Libya 1992 68.75500
## 1213               Madagascar 1992 52.21400
## 1214                   Malawi 1992 49.42000
## 1215                 Malaysia 1992 70.69300
## 1216                     Mali 1992 48.38800
## 1217               Mauritania 1992 58.33300
## 1218                Mauritius 1992 69.74500
## 1219                   Mexico 1992 71.45500
## 1220                 Mongolia 1992 61.27100
## 1221               Montenegro 1992 75.43500
## 1222                  Morocco 1992 65.39300
## 1223               Mozambique 1992 44.28400
## 1224                  Myanmar 1992 59.32000
## 1225                  Namibia 1992 61.99900
## 1226                    Nepal 1992 55.72700
## 1227              Netherlands 1992 77.42000
## 1228              New Zealand 1992 76.33000
## 1229                Nicaragua 1992 65.84300
## 1230                    Niger 1992 47.39100
## 1231                  Nigeria 1992 47.47200
## 1232                   Norway 1992 77.32000
## 1233                     Oman 1992 71.19700
## 1234                 Pakistan 1992 60.83800
## 1235                   Panama 1992 72.46200
## 1236                 Paraguay 1992 68.22500
## 1237                     Peru 1992 66.45800
## 1238              Philippines 1992 66.45800
## 1239                   Poland 1992 70.99000
## 1240                 Portugal 1992 74.86000
## 1241              Puerto Rico 1992 73.91100
## 1242                  Reunion 1992 73.61500
## 1243                  Romania 1992 69.36000
## 1244                   Rwanda 1992 23.59900
## 1245    Sao Tome and Principe 1992 62.74200
## 1246             Saudi Arabia 1992 68.76800
## 1247                  Senegal 1992 58.19600
## 1248                   Serbia 1992 71.65900
## 1249             Sierra Leone 1992 38.33300
## 1250                Singapore 1992 75.78800
## 1251          Slovak Republic 1992 71.38000
## 1252                 Slovenia 1992 73.64000
## 1253                  Somalia 1992 39.65800
## 1254             South Africa 1992 61.88800
## 1255                    Spain 1992 77.57000
## 1256                Sri Lanka 1992 70.37900
## 1257                    Sudan 1992 53.55600
## 1258                Swaziland 1992 58.47400
## 1259                   Sweden 1992 78.16000
## 1260              Switzerland 1992 78.03000
## 1261                    Syria 1992 69.24900
## 1262                   Taiwan 1992 74.26000
## 1263                 Tanzania 1992 50.44000
## 1264                 Thailand 1992 67.29800
## 1265                     Togo 1992 58.06100
## 1266      Trinidad and Tobago 1992 69.86200
## 1267                  Tunisia 1992 70.00100
## 1268                   Turkey 1992 66.14600
## 1269                   Uganda 1992 48.82500
## 1270           United Kingdom 1992 76.42000
## 1271            United States 1992 76.09000
## 1272                  Uruguay 1992 72.75200
## 1273                Venezuela 1992 71.15000
## 1274                  Vietnam 1992 67.66200
## 1275       West Bank and Gaza 1992 69.71800
## 1276              Yemen, Rep. 1992 55.59900
## 1277                   Zambia 1992 46.10000
## 1278                 Zimbabwe 1992 60.37700
## 1279              Afghanistan 1997 41.76300
## 1280                  Albania 1997 72.95000
## 1281                  Algeria 1997 69.15200
## 1282                   Angola 1997 40.96300
## 1283                Argentina 1997 73.27500
## 1284                Australia 1997 78.83000
## 1285                  Austria 1997 77.51000
## 1286                  Bahrain 1997 73.92500
## 1287               Bangladesh 1997 59.41200
## 1288                  Belgium 1997 77.53000
## 1289                    Benin 1997 54.77700
## 1290                  Bolivia 1997 62.05000
## 1291   Bosnia and Herzegovina 1997 73.24400
## 1292                 Botswana 1997 52.55600
## 1293                   Brazil 1997 69.38800
## 1294                 Bulgaria 1997 70.32000
## 1295             Burkina Faso 1997 50.32400
## 1296                  Burundi 1997 45.32600
## 1297                 Cambodia 1997 56.53400
## 1298                 Cameroon 1997 52.19900
## 1299                   Canada 1997 78.61000
## 1300 Central African Republic 1997 46.06600
## 1301                     Chad 1997 51.57300
## 1302                    Chile 1997 75.81600
## 1303                    China 1997 70.42600
## 1304                 Colombia 1997 70.31300
## 1305                  Comoros 1997 60.66000
## 1306         Congo, Dem. Rep. 1997 42.58700
## 1307              Congo, Rep. 1997 52.96200
## 1308               Costa Rica 1997 77.26000
## 1309            Cote d'Ivoire 1997 47.99100
## 1310                  Croatia 1997 73.68000
## 1311                     Cuba 1997 76.15100
## 1312           Czech Republic 1997 74.01000
## 1313                  Denmark 1997 76.11000
## 1314                 Djibouti 1997 53.15700
## 1315       Dominican Republic 1997 69.95700
## 1316                  Ecuador 1997 72.31200
## 1317                    Egypt 1997 67.21700
## 1318              El Salvador 1997 69.53500
## 1319        Equatorial Guinea 1997 48.24500
## 1320                  Eritrea 1997 53.37800
## 1321                 Ethiopia 1997 49.40200
## 1322                  Finland 1997 77.13000
## 1323                   France 1997 78.64000
## 1324                    Gabon 1997 60.46100
## 1325                   Gambia 1997 55.86100
## 1326                  Germany 1997 77.34000
## 1327                    Ghana 1997 58.55600
## 1328                   Greece 1997 77.86900
## 1329                Guatemala 1997 66.32200
## 1330                   Guinea 1997 51.45500
## 1331            Guinea-Bissau 1997 44.87300
## 1332                    Haiti 1997 56.67100
## 1333                 Honduras 1997 67.65900
## 1334         Hong Kong, China 1997 80.00000
## 1335                  Hungary 1997 71.04000
## 1336                  Iceland 1997 78.95000
## 1337                    India 1997 61.76500
## 1338                Indonesia 1997 66.04100
## 1339                     Iran 1997 68.04200
## 1340                     Iraq 1997 58.81100
## 1341                  Ireland 1997 76.12200
## 1342                   Israel 1997 78.26900
## 1343                    Italy 1997 78.82000
## 1344                  Jamaica 1997 72.26200
## 1345                    Japan 1997 80.69000
## 1346                   Jordan 1997 69.77200
## 1347                    Kenya 1997 54.40700
## 1348         Korea, Dem. Rep. 1997 67.72700
## 1349              Korea, Rep. 1997 74.64700
## 1350                   Kuwait 1997 76.15600
## 1351                  Lebanon 1997 70.26500
## 1352                  Lesotho 1997 55.55800
## 1353                  Liberia 1997 42.22100
## 1354                    Libya 1997 71.55500
## 1355               Madagascar 1997 54.97800
## 1356                   Malawi 1997 47.49500
## 1357                 Malaysia 1997 71.93800
## 1358                     Mali 1997 49.90300
## 1359               Mauritania 1997 60.43000
## 1360                Mauritius 1997 70.73600
## 1361                   Mexico 1997 73.67000
## 1362                 Mongolia 1997 63.62500
## 1363               Montenegro 1997 75.44500
## 1364                  Morocco 1997 67.66000
## 1365               Mozambique 1997 46.34400
## 1366                  Myanmar 1997 60.32800
## 1367                  Namibia 1997 58.90900
## 1368                    Nepal 1997 59.42600
## 1369              Netherlands 1997 78.03000
## 1370              New Zealand 1997 77.55000
## 1371                Nicaragua 1997 68.42600
## 1372                    Niger 1997 51.31300
## 1373                  Nigeria 1997 47.46400
## 1374                   Norway 1997 78.32000
## 1375                     Oman 1997 72.49900
## 1376                 Pakistan 1997 61.81800
## 1377                   Panama 1997 73.73800
## 1378                 Paraguay 1997 69.40000
## 1379                     Peru 1997 68.38600
## 1380              Philippines 1997 68.56400
## 1381                   Poland 1997 72.75000
## 1382                 Portugal 1997 75.97000
## 1383              Puerto Rico 1997 74.91700
## 1384                  Reunion 1997 74.77200
## 1385                  Romania 1997 69.72000
## 1386                   Rwanda 1997 36.08700
## 1387    Sao Tome and Principe 1997 63.30600
## 1388             Saudi Arabia 1997 70.53300
## 1389                  Senegal 1997 60.18700
## 1390                   Serbia 1997 72.23200
## 1391             Sierra Leone 1997 39.89700
## 1392                Singapore 1997 77.15800
## 1393          Slovak Republic 1997 72.71000
## 1394                 Slovenia 1997 75.13000
## 1395                  Somalia 1997 43.79500
## 1396             South Africa 1997 60.23600
## 1397                    Spain 1997 78.77000
## 1398                Sri Lanka 1997 70.45700
## 1399                    Sudan 1997 55.37300
## 1400                Swaziland 1997 54.28900
## 1401                   Sweden 1997 79.39000
## 1402              Switzerland 1997 79.37000
## 1403                    Syria 1997 71.52700
## 1404                   Taiwan 1997 75.25000
## 1405                 Tanzania 1997 48.46600
## 1406                 Thailand 1997 67.52100
## 1407                     Togo 1997 58.39000
## 1408      Trinidad and Tobago 1997 69.46500
## 1409                  Tunisia 1997 71.97300
## 1410                   Turkey 1997 68.83500
## 1411                   Uganda 1997 44.57800
## 1412           United Kingdom 1997 77.21800
## 1413            United States 1997 76.81000
## 1414                  Uruguay 1997 74.22300
## 1415                Venezuela 1997 72.14600
## 1416                  Vietnam 1997 70.67200
## 1417       West Bank and Gaza 1997 71.09600
## 1418              Yemen, Rep. 1997 58.02000
## 1419                   Zambia 1997 40.23800
## 1420                 Zimbabwe 1997 46.80900
## 1421              Afghanistan 2002 42.12900
## 1422                  Albania 2002 75.65100
## 1423                  Algeria 2002 70.99400
## 1424                   Angola 2002 41.00300
## 1425                Argentina 2002 74.34000
## 1426                Australia 2002 80.37000
## 1427                  Austria 2002 78.98000
## 1428                  Bahrain 2002 74.79500
## 1429               Bangladesh 2002 62.01300
## 1430                  Belgium 2002 78.32000
## 1431                    Benin 2002 54.40600
## 1432                  Bolivia 2002 63.88300
## 1433   Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 74.09000
## 1434                 Botswana 2002 46.63400
## 1435                   Brazil 2002 71.00600
## 1436                 Bulgaria 2002 72.14000
## 1437             Burkina Faso 2002 50.65000
## 1438                  Burundi 2002 47.36000
## 1439                 Cambodia 2002 56.75200
## 1440                 Cameroon 2002 49.85600
## 1441                   Canada 2002 79.77000
## 1442 Central African Republic 2002 43.30800
## 1443                     Chad 2002 50.52500
## 1444                    Chile 2002 77.86000
## 1445                    China 2002 72.02800
## 1446                 Colombia 2002 71.68200
## 1447                  Comoros 2002 62.97400
## 1448         Congo, Dem. Rep. 2002 44.96600
## 1449              Congo, Rep. 2002 52.97000
## 1450               Costa Rica 2002 78.12300
## 1451            Cote d'Ivoire 2002 46.83200
## 1452                  Croatia 2002 74.87600
## 1453                     Cuba 2002 77.15800
## 1454           Czech Republic 2002 75.51000
## 1455                  Denmark 2002 77.18000
## 1456                 Djibouti 2002 53.37300
## 1457       Dominican Republic 2002 70.84700
## 1458                  Ecuador 2002 74.17300
## 1459                    Egypt 2002 69.80600
## 1460              El Salvador 2002 70.73400
## 1461        Equatorial Guinea 2002 49.34800
## 1462                  Eritrea 2002 55.24000
## 1463                 Ethiopia 2002 50.72500
## 1464                  Finland 2002 78.37000
## 1465                   France 2002 79.59000
## 1466                    Gabon 2002 56.76100
## 1467                   Gambia 2002 58.04100
## 1468                  Germany 2002 78.67000
## 1469                    Ghana 2002 58.45300
## 1470                   Greece 2002 78.25600
## 1471                Guatemala 2002 68.97800
## 1472                   Guinea 2002 53.67600
## 1473            Guinea-Bissau 2002 45.50400
## 1474                    Haiti 2002 58.13700
## 1475                 Honduras 2002 68.56500
## 1476         Hong Kong, China 2002 81.49500
## 1477                  Hungary 2002 72.59000
## 1478                  Iceland 2002 80.50000
## 1479                    India 2002 62.87900
## 1480                Indonesia 2002 68.58800
## 1481                     Iran 2002 69.45100
## 1482                     Iraq 2002 57.04600
## 1483                  Ireland 2002 77.78300
## 1484                   Israel 2002 79.69600
## 1485                    Italy 2002 80.24000
## 1486                  Jamaica 2002 72.04700
## 1487                    Japan 2002 82.00000
## 1488                   Jordan 2002 71.26300
## 1489                    Kenya 2002 50.99200
## 1490         Korea, Dem. Rep. 2002 66.66200
## 1491              Korea, Rep. 2002 77.04500
## 1492                   Kuwait 2002 76.90400
## 1493                  Lebanon 2002 71.02800
## 1494                  Lesotho 2002 44.59300
## 1495                  Liberia 2002 43.75300
## 1496                    Libya 2002 72.73700
## 1497               Madagascar 2002 57.28600
## 1498                   Malawi 2002 45.00900
## 1499                 Malaysia 2002 73.04400
## 1500                     Mali 2002 51.81800
## 1501               Mauritania 2002 62.24700
## 1502                Mauritius 2002 71.95400
## 1503                   Mexico 2002 74.90200
## 1504                 Mongolia 2002 65.03300
## 1505               Montenegro 2002 73.98100
## 1506                  Morocco 2002 69.61500
## 1507               Mozambique 2002 44.02600
## 1508                  Myanmar 2002 59.90800
## 1509                  Namibia 2002 51.47900
## 1510                    Nepal 2002 61.34000
## 1511              Netherlands 2002 78.53000
## 1512              New Zealand 2002 79.11000
## 1513                Nicaragua 2002 70.83600
## 1514                    Niger 2002 54.49600
## 1515                  Nigeria 2002 46.60800
## 1516                   Norway 2002 79.05000
## 1517                     Oman 2002 74.19300
## 1518                 Pakistan 2002 63.61000
## 1519                   Panama 2002 74.71200
## 1520                 Paraguay 2002 70.75500
## 1521                     Peru 2002 69.90600
## 1522              Philippines 2002 70.30300
## 1523                   Poland 2002 74.67000
## 1524                 Portugal 2002 77.29000
## 1525              Puerto Rico 2002 77.77800
## 1526                  Reunion 2002 75.74400
## 1527                  Romania 2002 71.32200
## 1528                   Rwanda 2002 43.41300
## 1529    Sao Tome and Principe 2002 64.33700
## 1530             Saudi Arabia 2002 71.62600
## 1531                  Senegal 2002 61.60000
## 1532                   Serbia 2002 73.21300
## 1533             Sierra Leone 2002 41.01200
## 1534                Singapore 2002 78.77000
## 1535          Slovak Republic 2002 73.80000
## 1536                 Slovenia 2002 76.66000
## 1537                  Somalia 2002 45.93600
## 1538             South Africa 2002 53.36500
## 1539                    Spain 2002 79.78000
## 1540                Sri Lanka 2002 70.81500
## 1541                    Sudan 2002 56.36900
## 1542                Swaziland 2002 43.86900
## 1543                   Sweden 2002 80.04000
## 1544              Switzerland 2002 80.62000
## 1545                    Syria 2002 73.05300
## 1546                   Taiwan 2002 76.99000
## 1547                 Tanzania 2002 49.65100
## 1548                 Thailand 2002 68.56400
## 1549                     Togo 2002 57.56100
## 1550      Trinidad and Tobago 2002 68.97600
## 1551                  Tunisia 2002 73.04200
## 1552                   Turkey 2002 70.84500
## 1553                   Uganda 2002 47.81300
## 1554           United Kingdom 2002 78.47100
## 1555            United States 2002 77.31000
## 1556                  Uruguay 2002 75.30700
## 1557                Venezuela 2002 72.76600
## 1558                  Vietnam 2002 73.01700
## 1559       West Bank and Gaza 2002 72.37000
## 1560              Yemen, Rep. 2002 60.30800
## 1561                   Zambia 2002 39.19300
## 1562                 Zimbabwe 2002 39.98900
## 1563              Afghanistan 2007 43.82800
## 1564                  Albania 2007 76.42300
## 1565                  Algeria 2007 72.30100
## 1566                   Angola 2007 42.73100
## 1567                Argentina 2007 75.32000
## 1568                Australia 2007 81.23500
## 1569                  Austria 2007 79.82900
## 1570                  Bahrain 2007 75.63500
## 1571               Bangladesh 2007 64.06200
## 1572                  Belgium 2007 79.44100
## 1573                    Benin 2007 56.72800
## 1574                  Bolivia 2007 65.55400
## 1575   Bosnia and Herzegovina 2007 74.85200
## 1576                 Botswana 2007 50.72800
## 1577                   Brazil 2007 72.39000
## 1578                 Bulgaria 2007 73.00500
## 1579             Burkina Faso 2007 52.29500
## 1580                  Burundi 2007 49.58000
## 1581                 Cambodia 2007 59.72300
## 1582                 Cameroon 2007 50.43000
## 1583                   Canada 2007 80.65300
## 1584 Central African Republic 2007 44.74100
## 1585                     Chad 2007 50.65100
## 1586                    Chile 2007 78.55300
## 1587                    China 2007 72.96100
## 1588                 Colombia 2007 72.88900
## 1589                  Comoros 2007 65.15200
## 1590         Congo, Dem. Rep. 2007 46.46200
## 1591              Congo, Rep. 2007 55.32200
## 1592               Costa Rica 2007 78.78200
## 1593            Cote d'Ivoire 2007 48.32800
## 1594                  Croatia 2007 75.74800
## 1595                     Cuba 2007 78.27300
## 1596           Czech Republic 2007 76.48600
## 1597                  Denmark 2007 78.33200
## 1598                 Djibouti 2007 54.79100
## 1599       Dominican Republic 2007 72.23500
## 1600                  Ecuador 2007 74.99400
## 1601                    Egypt 2007 71.33800
## 1602              El Salvador 2007 71.87800
## 1603        Equatorial Guinea 2007 51.57900
## 1604                  Eritrea 2007 58.04000
## 1605                 Ethiopia 2007 52.94700
## 1606                  Finland 2007 79.31300
## 1607                   France 2007 80.65700
## 1608                    Gabon 2007 56.73500
## 1609                   Gambia 2007 59.44800
## 1610                  Germany 2007 79.40600
## 1611                    Ghana 2007 60.02200
## 1612                   Greece 2007 79.48300
## 1613                Guatemala 2007 70.25900
## 1614                   Guinea 2007 56.00700
## 1615            Guinea-Bissau 2007 46.38800
## 1616                    Haiti 2007 60.91600
## 1617                 Honduras 2007 70.19800
## 1618         Hong Kong, China 2007 82.20800
## 1619                  Hungary 2007 73.33800
## 1620                  Iceland 2007 81.75700
## 1621                    India 2007 64.69800
## 1622                Indonesia 2007 70.65000
## 1623                     Iran 2007 70.96400
## 1624                     Iraq 2007 59.54500
## 1625                  Ireland 2007 78.88500
## 1626                   Israel 2007 80.74500
## 1627                    Italy 2007 80.54600
## 1628                  Jamaica 2007 72.56700
## 1629                    Japan 2007 82.60300
## 1630                   Jordan 2007 72.53500
## 1631                    Kenya 2007 54.11000
## 1632         Korea, Dem. Rep. 2007 67.29700
## 1633              Korea, Rep. 2007 78.62300
## 1634                   Kuwait 2007 77.58800
## 1635                  Lebanon 2007 71.99300
## 1636                  Lesotho 2007 42.59200
## 1637                  Liberia 2007 45.67800
## 1638                    Libya 2007 73.95200
## 1639               Madagascar 2007 59.44300
## 1640                   Malawi 2007 48.30300
## 1641                 Malaysia 2007 74.24100
## 1642                     Mali 2007 54.46700
## 1643               Mauritania 2007 64.16400
## 1644                Mauritius 2007 72.80100
## 1645                   Mexico 2007 76.19500
## 1646                 Mongolia 2007 66.80300
## 1647               Montenegro 2007 74.54300
## 1648                  Morocco 2007 71.16400
## 1649               Mozambique 2007 42.08200
## 1650                  Myanmar 2007 62.06900
## 1651                  Namibia 2007 52.90600
## 1652                    Nepal 2007 63.78500
## 1653              Netherlands 2007 79.76200
## 1654              New Zealand 2007 80.20400
## 1655                Nicaragua 2007 72.89900
## 1656                    Niger 2007 56.86700
## 1657                  Nigeria 2007 46.85900
## 1658                   Norway 2007 80.19600
## 1659                     Oman 2007 75.64000
## 1660                 Pakistan 2007 65.48300
## 1661                   Panama 2007 75.53700
## 1662                 Paraguay 2007 71.75200
## 1663                     Peru 2007 71.42100
## 1664              Philippines 2007 71.68800
## 1665                   Poland 2007 75.56300
## 1666                 Portugal 2007 78.09800
## 1667              Puerto Rico 2007 78.74600
## 1668                  Reunion 2007 76.44200
## 1669                  Romania 2007 72.47600
## 1670                   Rwanda 2007 46.24200
## 1671    Sao Tome and Principe 2007 65.52800
## 1672             Saudi Arabia 2007 72.77700
## 1673                  Senegal 2007 63.06200
## 1674                   Serbia 2007 74.00200
## 1675             Sierra Leone 2007 42.56800
## 1676                Singapore 2007 79.97200
## 1677          Slovak Republic 2007 74.66300
## 1678                 Slovenia 2007 77.92600
## 1679                  Somalia 2007 48.15900
## 1680             South Africa 2007 49.33900
## 1681                    Spain 2007 80.94100
## 1682                Sri Lanka 2007 72.39600
## 1683                    Sudan 2007 58.55600
## 1684                Swaziland 2007 39.61300
## 1685                   Sweden 2007 80.88400
## 1686              Switzerland 2007 81.70100
## 1687                    Syria 2007 74.14300
## 1688                   Taiwan 2007 78.40000
## 1689                 Tanzania 2007 52.51700
## 1690                 Thailand 2007 70.61600
## 1691                     Togo 2007 58.42000
## 1692      Trinidad and Tobago 2007 69.81900
## 1693                  Tunisia 2007 73.92300
## 1694                   Turkey 2007 71.77700
## 1695                   Uganda 2007 51.54200
## 1696           United Kingdom 2007 79.42500
## 1697            United States 2007 78.24200
## 1698                  Uruguay 2007 76.38400
## 1699                Venezuela 2007 73.74700
## 1700                  Vietnam 2007 74.24900
## 1701       West Bank and Gaza 2007 73.42200
## 1702              Yemen, Rep. 2007 62.69800
## 1703                   Zambia 2007 42.38400
## 1704                 Zimbabwe 2007 43.48700

Example 1

library(tidyverse)
library(gapminder)
p <- ggplot(data = gapminder, mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp))
p + geom_point() + geom_smooth() 
## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'gam' and formula 'y ~ s(x, bs = "cs")'

Install and load the packages (I have installed all the packages needed so I add “#” to not run it again. If you haven’t installed these packages, delete the “#” and run the installation codes.)

#install.packages("ggplot2")
#install.packages("GGally")
#install.packages("ggExtra")
#install.packages("ggalluvial")
#install.packages("plotly")

# Please install it but do not load it for now.
#install.packages("cowplot")

library("ggplot2")
library("GGally")
## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'GGally':
##   method from   
##   +.gg   ggplot2
library("ggExtra")
library("ggalluvial")
library("plotly")
## 
## Attaching package: 'plotly'
## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
## 
##     last_plot
## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
## 
##     filter
## The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':
## 
##     layout
# Load already installed packages
library("data.table")
## 
## Attaching package: 'data.table'
## The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':
## 
##     transpose
## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
## 
##     between, first, last
## The following objects are masked from 'package:reshape2':
## 
##     dcast, melt
ggplot2::ggplot()

Import dataset from six countries: “Mexico”, “Uruguay”, “Japan”, “Germany”, “New Zealand”, “Lebanon” About the dataset: we will use the 2015 administration of the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). PISA is a large-scale, international assessment that involves students, parents, teachers, and school principals from all over the world as participants. Every three years, PISA tests 15-year-old students from all over the world in reading, mathematics and science. The tests are designed to learn how well the students master key subjects in order to be prepared for real-life situations in the adult world. It also looks for the best practice.

setwd("/Users/amanda/Desktop/TC/2021 fall/applied data/week3") #you need to change my file location to your file location where the dataset "pisa2015.csv" is located.
pisa <- fread("pisa2015.csv", na.strings = "")

Tidy

#head(pisa)[1:10]

Transform Convert a dichtomous item (yes/no) to numeric scoring

bin.to.num <- function(x){
  if (is.na(x)) NA
  else if (x == "Yes") 1L
  else if (x == "No") 0L
}

create some variables

pisa[, `:=` 
     (female = ifelse(ST004D01T == "Female", 1, 0),
       sex = ST004D01T,
       
       # At my house we have ...
       computer = sapply(ST011Q04TA, bin.to.num),
       software = sapply(ST011Q05TA, bin.to.num),
       internet = sapply(ST011Q06TA, bin.to.num))]

pisa[, `:=`
     (math = rowMeans(pisa[, c(paste0("PV", 1:10, "MATH"))], na.rm = TRUE),
       reading = rowMeans(pisa[, c(paste0("PV", 1:10, "READ"))], na.rm = TRUE),
       science = rowMeans(pisa[, c(paste0("PV", 1:10, "SCIE"))], na.rm = TRUE))]

select some variables

country <- c("Mexico", "Japan","Germany", "Uruguay", "New Zealand", "Lebanon")
dat <- pisa[CNT %in% country,
             .(CNT, OECD, CNTSTUID, W_FSTUWT, sex, female,
              ST001D01T, computer, software, internet,
              ST011Q05TA, ST071Q02NA, ST071Q01NA, ST123Q02NA,
              ST082Q01NA, ST119Q01NA, ST119Q05NA, ANXTEST,
              COOPERATE, BELONG,  EMOSUPS, HOMESCH, ENTUSE,
              ICTHOME, ICTSCH, WEALTH, PARED, TMINS, ESCS,
              TEACHSUP, TDTEACH, IBTEACH, SCIEEFF,
              math, reading, science)
] #Variables and description: Table 5.1

create additional variables by recoding some of the existing variables

dat <- dat[, `:=` (
  # New grade variable
  grade = (as.numeric(sapply(ST001D01T, function(x) {
    if(x=="Grade 7") "7"
    else if (x=="Grade 8") "8"
    else if (x=="Grade 9") "9"
    else if (x=="Grade 10") "10"
    else if (x=="Grade 11") "11"
    else if (x=="Grade 12") "12"
    else if (x=="Grade 13") NA_character_
    else if (x=="Ungraded") NA_character_}))),
  # Total learning time as hours
  learning = round(TMINS/60, 0),
  # Regions for selected countries
  Region = (sapply(CNT, function(x) {
    if(x %in% c("Mexico")) "N. America"
    else if (x %in% c( "Uruguay")) "S. America"
    else if (x %in% c("Japan")) "Asia"
    else if (x %in% c("Germany")) "Europe"
    else if (x %in% c( "New Zealand")) "Australia"
    else if (x %in% c("Lebanon")) "Middle-East"
  }))
)]

N count for the final dataset

dat[,.N] # 35847 rows
## [1] 35847

Let’s preview the final data

head(dat)
##        CNT OECD CNTSTUID  W_FSTUWT    sex female ST001D01T computer software
## 1: Germany  Yes 27605365  94.71886 Female      1   Grade 9        1        1
## 2: Germany  Yes 27601858  94.71886 Female      1   Grade 9        1        1
## 3: Germany  Yes 27602008  94.71886 Female      1   Grade 9        1        0
## 4: Germany  Yes 27601867 101.08900   Male      0   Grade 9        1        1
## 5: Germany  Yes 27601457 101.08900   Male      0   Grade 9        1        1
## 6: Germany  Yes 27609865 101.08900   Male      0   Grade 9        1        1
##    internet ST011Q05TA ST071Q02NA ST071Q01NA     ST123Q02NA     ST082Q01NA
## 1:        1        Yes          2          1          Agree          Agree
## 2:        1        Yes          6          4 Strongly agree          Agree
## 3:        1         No          1          1 Strongly agree          Agree
## 4:        1        Yes          1          1 Strongly agree Strongly agree
## 5:        1        Yes          1          0 Strongly agree Strongly agree
## 6:        1        Yes          7          1          Agree Strongly agree
##           ST119Q01NA        ST119Q05NA ANXTEST COOPERATE  BELONG EMOSUPS
## 1: Strongly disagree Strongly disagree -0.0345   -0.2882  0.0171 -1.5266
## 2:          Disagree          Disagree -0.5792    1.0205  0.6642  1.0991
## 3:    Strongly agree             Agree -0.4331    2.2879  1.5043  1.0991
## 4:             Agree          Disagree  1.8135    0.9675  0.0048  1.0991
## 5:             Agree             Agree  0.6007    0.7898 -1.7499  1.0991
## 6:    Strongly agree             Agree -0.0582    0.6615  0.9357  0.0250
##    HOMESCH  ENTUSE ICTHOME ICTSCH  WEALTH PARED TMINS    ESCS TEACHSUP TDTEACH
## 1: -0.5712 -0.4097      NA     NA  1.0228    15  1350  0.3306  -0.8040 -0.8671
## 2: -0.8913 -0.7527      NA     NA -0.2249    13  1620 -0.4779   0.4879 -0.6849
## 3:  0.3373  0.4811      NA     NA  1.3528    18    NA  0.9317   1.4475  0.5252
## 4:  0.0631 -0.1772      NA     NA  2.3511    13  1620  0.6614   1.4475  0.9477
## 5:  0.1053 -0.0269      NA     NA  0.3228    10  1620 -0.1385   0.0838  2.0781
## 6: -0.2290  0.3594      NA     NA  0.2763    15  1620  0.2320  -0.3478  0.4505
##    IBTEACH SCIEEFF     math  reading  science grade learning Region
## 1: -0.6081      NA 487.5435 529.1613 502.8598     9       22 Europe
## 2: -0.1573 -2.8303 464.7986 516.5613 487.9087     9       27 Europe
## 3:  0.9882 -2.0922 595.8506 657.5961 579.7019     9       NA Europe
## 4:  2.4937 -0.4044 577.6913 546.5353 553.7394     9       27 Europe
## 5:  2.3047  0.1155 519.0156 471.8701 467.8655     9       27 Europe
## 6:  0.5711  0.3155 541.2141 540.0169 538.2691     9       27 Europe

Research Question 1: To what extent was the six countries’ performance good or bad in PISA 2015?

Visualise

#create a simple bar graph 
science_summary <- dat[, 
                       .(Science = mean(science, na.rm = TRUE), #average science scores by country
                         Freq = .N),
                       by = c("CNT")]
head(science_summary)
##            CNT  Science Freq
## 1:     Germany 512.2072 6504
## 2:       Japan 538.7714 6647
## 3:     Lebanon 390.7970 4546
## 4:      Mexico 420.3332 7568
## 5: New Zealand 513.7503 4520
## 6:     Uruguay 437.0207 6062
ggplot(data = science_summary,
       mapping = aes(x = CNT, y = Science)) +
  geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = "dodge") +
  coord_flip() +
  labs(x = "country", y = "Science Scores") +
  theme_bw()

#create a boxplot
ggplot(data = dat, mapping = aes(x = CNT, y = science)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  labs(x=NULL, y="Science Scores") +
  theme_bw()

#switch x-axis and y-axis by using coord_flip() function
ggplot(data = dat,
       mapping = aes(x = CNT, y = science)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  labs(x="Country", y="Science Scores", title = "Six Countries' Science Scores in PISA 2015") +
  coord_flip() +
  theme_bw()

#show the mean values in boxplot
means <- dat[,
             .(science = mean(science)),
             by = CNT]

ggplot(data = dat,
       mapping = aes(x = reorder(CNT, science), y = science)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  stat_summary(fun.y = mean, colour = "blue", geom = "point", 
               shape = 18, size = 3) + #mean score by countries
  labs(x="Country", y="Science Scores", title = "Six Countries' Science Scores in PISA 2015",
       subtitle = "Mexico, Japan, Germany, Uruguay, New Zealand, Lebanon") +
  coord_flip() +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 493, linetype="dashed", color = "red", size = 1) + #refence line-the average score across 6 countries
  theme_bw()
## Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.

#add some colors to our figure based on the region
ggplot(data = dat,
       mapping = aes(x = reorder(CNT, science), y = science, fill = Region)) +
  geom_boxplot() +
  stat_summary(fun.y = mean, colour = "blue", geom = "point", 
               shape = 18, size = 3) + #mean score by countries
  labs(x="Country", y="Science Scores", title = "Six Countries' Science Scores in PISA 2015",
       subtitle = "Mexico, Japan, Germany, Uruguay, New Zealand, Lebanon") +
  coord_flip() +
  geom_hline(yintercept = 493, linetype="dashed", color = "red", size = 1) +
  theme_bw()
## Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.

#science scores by gender and region
ggplot(data = dat,
       mapping = aes(x = science, fill = Region)) +
  geom_histogram(alpha = 0.5, bins = 50) +
  labs(x = "Science Scores", y = "Count",
       title = "Science Scores by Gender and Region") +
  facet_grid(. ~ sex) +
  theme_bw()

#Create a correlation matrix plot
ggcorr(data = dat[,.(science, math, reading, ICTHOME, ESCS,
                     WEALTH, PARED, SCIEEFF, BELONG, grade)],
       method = c("pairwise.complete.obs", "pearson"),
       label = TRUE, label_size = 4)

Learning Time and Science Scores

#Plotting the conditional (x-y) relationship of continuous variables
dat_small <- dat[,.SD[sample(.N, min(500,.N))], by = Region]

p1 <- ggplot(data = dat_small,
             mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
  labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
  theme_bw()
p1
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Learning Time and Science Scores

#Plotting the conditional (x-y) relationship
p2 <- ggplot(data = dat_small,
             mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science,
                           colour = sex)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
  labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        legend.title = element_blank())
p2
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Learning Time and Science Scores by Gender and Region

#Plotting the conditional (x-y) relationship 
ggplot(data = dat_small,
       mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science, fill = Region)) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = sex)) +
  geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
  labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
  theme_bw()
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Learning Time and Science Scores by Gender and Region

ggplot(data = dat_small,
       mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
  labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(legend.title = element_blank()) +
  facet_grid(sex ~ Region)
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

Learning Time and Science Scores by Gender and Region

#Plotting the conditional (x-y) relationship and marginal density of continuous variables
p2 <- ggplot(data = dat_small,
             mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science,
                           colour = sex)) +
  geom_point() +
  geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
  labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(legend.position = "bottom",
        legend.title = element_blank())

ggMarginal(p2, type = "density", groupColour = TRUE, groupFill = TRUE)
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

dat_alluvial <- dat[, 
                    .(Freq = .N), 
                    by = c("Region", "sex", "ST123Q02NA")
                    ][,
                      ST123Q02NA := as.factor(ifelse(ST123Q02NA == "", "Missing", ST123Q02NA))
                      ]
levels(dat_alluvial$ST123Q02NA) <- c("Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Agree",
                                     "Strongly agree", "Missing")

head(dat_alluvial)
##    Region    sex        ST123Q02NA Freq
## 1: Europe Female Strongly disagree  822
## 2: Europe Female             Agree 1775
## 3: Europe   Male             Agree 1645
## 4: Europe   Male Strongly disagree  910
## 5: Europe Female          Disagree  183
## 6: Europe   Male              <NA>  546
ggplot(data = dat_alluvial,
       aes(axis1 = Region, axis2 = ST123Q02NA, y = Freq)) +
  scale_x_discrete(limits = c("Region", "Parents supporting\nachievement"),
                   expand = c(.1, .05)) +
  geom_alluvium(aes(fill = sex)) +
  geom_stratum() +
  geom_text(stat = "stratum", label.strata = TRUE) +
  labs(x = "Demographics", y = "Frequency", fill = "Gender") +
  theme_bw()
## Warning: Computation failed in `stat_stratum()`:
## The parameter `label.strata` is defunct.
## use `aes(label = after_stat(stratum))`.

create plot for color-blind people

ggplot(data = dat_small,
       mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science, fill = Region)) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = sex)) +
  geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
  labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
  theme_bw()
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).

cbPalette <- c("#E69F00", "#56B4E9", "#009E73", "#F0E442", "#0072B2", "#D55E00", "#CC79A7")

ggplot(data = dat_small,
       mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science, fill = Region)) +
  geom_point(aes(colour = sex) ) +
  geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
  labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
  theme_bw()+
  scale_fill_manual(values=cbPalette)+
  scale_colour_manual(values=cbPalette)
## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).

## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).