Melt and Dcast
library(gapminder)
library(reshape2)
library(dplyr)##
## Attaching package: 'dplyr'## The following objects are masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter, lag## The following objects are masked from 'package:base':
##
## intersect, setdiff, setequal, uniondf <- select(gapminder, country, year, lifeExp)
#Long to wide format:
df_wide <- df %>% dcast(country~year)## Using lifeExp as value column: use value.var to override.df_wide## country 1952 1957 1962 1967 1972
## 1 Afghanistan 28.801 30.33200 31.99700 34.02000 36.08800
## 2 Albania 55.230 59.28000 64.82000 66.22000 67.69000
## 3 Algeria 43.077 45.68500 48.30300 51.40700 54.51800
## 4 Angola 30.015 31.99900 34.00000 35.98500 37.92800
## 5 Argentina 62.485 64.39900 65.14200 65.63400 67.06500
## 6 Australia 69.120 70.33000 70.93000 71.10000 71.93000
## 7 Austria 66.800 67.48000 69.54000 70.14000 70.63000
## 8 Bahrain 50.939 53.83200 56.92300 59.92300 63.30000
## 9 Bangladesh 37.484 39.34800 41.21600 43.45300 45.25200
## 10 Belgium 68.000 69.24000 70.25000 70.94000 71.44000
## 11 Benin 38.223 40.35800 42.61800 44.88500 47.01400
## 12 Bolivia 40.414 41.89000 43.42800 45.03200 46.71400
## 13 Bosnia and Herzegovina 53.820 58.45000 61.93000 64.79000 67.45000
## 14 Botswana 47.622 49.61800 51.52000 53.29800 56.02400
## 15 Brazil 50.917 53.28500 55.66500 57.63200 59.50400
## 16 Bulgaria 59.600 66.61000 69.51000 70.42000 70.90000
## 17 Burkina Faso 31.975 34.90600 37.81400 40.69700 43.59100
## 18 Burundi 39.031 40.53300 42.04500 43.54800 44.05700
## 19 Cambodia 39.417 41.36600 43.41500 45.41500 40.31700
## 20 Cameroon 38.523 40.42800 42.64300 44.79900 47.04900
## 21 Canada 68.750 69.96000 71.30000 72.13000 72.88000
## 22 Central African Republic 35.463 37.46400 39.47500 41.47800 43.45700
## 23 Chad 38.092 39.88100 41.71600 43.60100 45.56900
## 24 Chile 54.745 56.07400 57.92400 60.52300 63.44100
## 25 China 44.000 50.54896 44.50136 58.38112 63.11888
## 26 Colombia 50.643 55.11800 57.86300 59.96300 61.62300
## 27 Comoros 40.715 42.46000 44.46700 46.47200 48.94400
## 28 Congo, Dem. Rep. 39.143 40.65200 42.12200 44.05600 45.98900
## 29 Congo, Rep. 42.111 45.05300 48.43500 52.04000 54.90700
## 30 Costa Rica 57.206 60.02600 62.84200 65.42400 67.84900
## 31 Cote d'Ivoire 40.477 42.46900 44.93000 47.35000 49.80100
## 32 Croatia 61.210 64.77000 67.13000 68.50000 69.61000
## 33 Cuba 59.421 62.32500 65.24600 68.29000 70.72300
## 34 Czech Republic 66.870 69.03000 69.90000 70.38000 70.29000
## 35 Denmark 70.780 71.81000 72.35000 72.96000 73.47000
## 36 Djibouti 34.812 37.32800 39.69300 42.07400 44.36600
## 37 Dominican Republic 45.928 49.82800 53.45900 56.75100 59.63100
## 38 Ecuador 48.357 51.35600 54.64000 56.67800 58.79600
## 39 Egypt 41.893 44.44400 46.99200 49.29300 51.13700
## 40 El Salvador 45.262 48.57000 52.30700 55.85500 58.20700
## 41 Equatorial Guinea 34.482 35.98300 37.48500 38.98700 40.51600
## 42 Eritrea 35.928 38.04700 40.15800 42.18900 44.14200
## 43 Ethiopia 34.078 36.66700 40.05900 42.11500 43.51500
## 44 Finland 66.550 67.49000 68.75000 69.83000 70.87000
## 45 France 67.410 68.93000 70.51000 71.55000 72.38000
## 46 Gabon 37.003 38.99900 40.48900 44.59800 48.69000
## 47 Gambia 30.000 32.06500 33.89600 35.85700 38.30800
## 48 Germany 67.500 69.10000 70.30000 70.80000 71.00000
## 49 Ghana 43.149 44.77900 46.45200 48.07200 49.87500
## 50 Greece 65.860 67.86000 69.51000 71.00000 72.34000
## 51 Guatemala 42.023 44.14200 46.95400 50.01600 53.73800
## 52 Guinea 33.609 34.55800 35.75300 37.19700 38.84200
## 53 Guinea-Bissau 32.500 33.48900 34.48800 35.49200 36.48600
## 54 Haiti 37.579 40.69600 43.59000 46.24300 48.04200
## 55 Honduras 41.912 44.66500 48.04100 50.92400 53.88400
## 56 Hong Kong, China 60.960 64.75000 67.65000 70.00000 72.00000
## 57 Hungary 64.030 66.41000 67.96000 69.50000 69.76000
## 58 Iceland 72.490 73.47000 73.68000 73.73000 74.46000
## 59 India 37.373 40.24900 43.60500 47.19300 50.65100
## 60 Indonesia 37.468 39.91800 42.51800 45.96400 49.20300
## 61 Iran 44.869 47.18100 49.32500 52.46900 55.23400
## 62 Iraq 45.320 48.43700 51.45700 54.45900 56.95000
## 63 Ireland 66.910 68.90000 70.29000 71.08000 71.28000
## 64 Israel 65.390 67.84000 69.39000 70.75000 71.63000
## 65 Italy 65.940 67.81000 69.24000 71.06000 72.19000
## 66 Jamaica 58.530 62.61000 65.61000 67.51000 69.00000
## 67 Japan 63.030 65.50000 68.73000 71.43000 73.42000
## 68 Jordan 43.158 45.66900 48.12600 51.62900 56.52800
## 69 Kenya 42.270 44.68600 47.94900 50.65400 53.55900
## 70 Korea, Dem. Rep. 50.056 54.08100 56.65600 59.94200 63.98300
## 71 Korea, Rep. 47.453 52.68100 55.29200 57.71600 62.61200
## 72 Kuwait 55.565 58.03300 60.47000 64.62400 67.71200
## 73 Lebanon 55.928 59.48900 62.09400 63.87000 65.42100
## 74 Lesotho 42.138 45.04700 47.74700 48.49200 49.76700
## 75 Liberia 38.480 39.48600 40.50200 41.53600 42.61400
## 76 Libya 42.723 45.28900 47.80800 50.22700 52.77300
## 77 Madagascar 36.681 38.86500 40.84800 42.88100 44.85100
## 78 Malawi 36.256 37.20700 38.41000 39.48700 41.76600
## 79 Malaysia 48.463 52.10200 55.73700 59.37100 63.01000
## 80 Mali 33.685 35.30700 36.93600 38.48700 39.97700
## 81 Mauritania 40.543 42.33800 44.24800 46.28900 48.43700
## 82 Mauritius 50.986 58.08900 60.24600 61.55700 62.94400
## 83 Mexico 50.789 55.19000 58.29900 60.11000 62.36100
## 84 Mongolia 42.244 45.24800 48.25100 51.25300 53.75400
## 85 Montenegro 59.164 61.44800 63.72800 67.17800 70.63600
## 86 Morocco 42.873 45.42300 47.92400 50.33500 52.86200
## 87 Mozambique 31.286 33.77900 36.16100 38.11300 40.32800
## 88 Myanmar 36.319 41.90500 45.10800 49.37900 53.07000
## 89 Namibia 41.725 45.22600 48.38600 51.15900 53.86700
## 90 Nepal 36.157 37.68600 39.39300 41.47200 43.97100
## 91 Netherlands 72.130 72.99000 73.23000 73.82000 73.75000
## 92 New Zealand 69.390 70.26000 71.24000 71.52000 71.89000
## 93 Nicaragua 42.314 45.43200 48.63200 51.88400 55.15100
## 94 Niger 37.444 38.59800 39.48700 40.11800 40.54600
## 95 Nigeria 36.324 37.80200 39.36000 41.04000 42.82100
## 96 Norway 72.670 73.44000 73.47000 74.08000 74.34000
## 97 Oman 37.578 40.08000 43.16500 46.98800 52.14300
## 98 Pakistan 43.436 45.55700 47.67000 49.80000 51.92900
## 99 Panama 55.191 59.20100 61.81700 64.07100 66.21600
## 100 Paraguay 62.649 63.19600 64.36100 64.95100 65.81500
## 101 Peru 43.902 46.26300 49.09600 51.44500 55.44800
## 102 Philippines 47.752 51.33400 54.75700 56.39300 58.06500
## 103 Poland 61.310 65.77000 67.64000 69.61000 70.85000
## 104 Portugal 59.820 61.51000 64.39000 66.60000 69.26000
## 105 Puerto Rico 64.280 68.54000 69.62000 71.10000 72.16000
## 106 Reunion 52.724 55.09000 57.66600 60.54200 64.27400
## 107 Romania 61.050 64.10000 66.80000 66.80000 69.21000
## 108 Rwanda 40.000 41.50000 43.00000 44.10000 44.60000
## 109 Sao Tome and Principe 46.471 48.94500 51.89300 54.42500 56.48000
## 110 Saudi Arabia 39.875 42.86800 45.91400 49.90100 53.88600
## 111 Senegal 37.278 39.32900 41.45400 43.56300 45.81500
## 112 Serbia 57.996 61.68500 64.53100 66.91400 68.70000
## 113 Sierra Leone 30.331 31.57000 32.76700 34.11300 35.40000
## 114 Singapore 60.396 63.17900 65.79800 67.94600 69.52100
## 115 Slovak Republic 64.360 67.45000 70.33000 70.98000 70.35000
## 116 Slovenia 65.570 67.85000 69.15000 69.18000 69.82000
## 117 Somalia 32.978 34.97700 36.98100 38.97700 40.97300
## 118 South Africa 45.009 47.98500 49.95100 51.92700 53.69600
## 119 Spain 64.940 66.66000 69.69000 71.44000 73.06000
## 120 Sri Lanka 57.593 61.45600 62.19200 64.26600 65.04200
## 121 Sudan 38.635 39.62400 40.87000 42.85800 45.08300
## 122 Swaziland 41.407 43.42400 44.99200 46.63300 49.55200
## 123 Sweden 71.860 72.49000 73.37000 74.16000 74.72000
## 124 Switzerland 69.620 70.56000 71.32000 72.77000 73.78000
## 125 Syria 45.883 48.28400 50.30500 53.65500 57.29600
## 126 Taiwan 58.500 62.40000 65.20000 67.50000 69.39000
## 127 Tanzania 41.215 42.97400 44.24600 45.75700 47.62000
## 128 Thailand 50.848 53.63000 56.06100 58.28500 60.40500
## 129 Togo 38.596 41.20800 43.92200 46.76900 49.75900
## 130 Trinidad and Tobago 59.100 61.80000 64.90000 65.40000 65.90000
## 131 Tunisia 44.600 47.10000 49.57900 52.05300 55.60200
## 132 Turkey 43.585 48.07900 52.09800 54.33600 57.00500
## 133 Uganda 39.978 42.57100 45.34400 48.05100 51.01600
## 134 United Kingdom 69.180 70.42000 70.76000 71.36000 72.01000
## 135 United States 68.440 69.49000 70.21000 70.76000 71.34000
## 136 Uruguay 66.071 67.04400 68.25300 68.46800 68.67300
## 137 Venezuela 55.088 57.90700 60.77000 63.47900 65.71200
## 138 Vietnam 40.412 42.88700 45.36300 47.83800 50.25400
## 139 West Bank and Gaza 43.160 45.67100 48.12700 51.63100 56.53200
## 140 Yemen, Rep. 32.548 33.97000 35.18000 36.98400 39.84800
## 141 Zambia 42.038 44.07700 46.02300 47.76800 50.10700
## 142 Zimbabwe 48.451 50.46900 52.35800 53.99500 55.63500
## 1977 1982 1987 1992 1997 2002 2007
## 1 38.43800 39.854 40.822 41.674 41.763 42.129 43.828
## 2 68.93000 70.420 72.000 71.581 72.950 75.651 76.423
## 3 58.01400 61.368 65.799 67.744 69.152 70.994 72.301
## 4 39.48300 39.942 39.906 40.647 40.963 41.003 42.731
## 5 68.48100 69.942 70.774 71.868 73.275 74.340 75.320
## 6 73.49000 74.740 76.320 77.560 78.830 80.370 81.235
## 7 72.17000 73.180 74.940 76.040 77.510 78.980 79.829
## 8 65.59300 69.052 70.750 72.601 73.925 74.795 75.635
## 9 46.92300 50.009 52.819 56.018 59.412 62.013 64.062
## 10 72.80000 73.930 75.350 76.460 77.530 78.320 79.441
## 11 49.19000 50.904 52.337 53.919 54.777 54.406 56.728
## 12 50.02300 53.859 57.251 59.957 62.050 63.883 65.554
## 13 69.86000 70.690 71.140 72.178 73.244 74.090 74.852
## 14 59.31900 61.484 63.622 62.745 52.556 46.634 50.728
## 15 61.48900 63.336 65.205 67.057 69.388 71.006 72.390
## 16 70.81000 71.080 71.340 71.190 70.320 72.140 73.005
## 17 46.13700 48.122 49.557 50.260 50.324 50.650 52.295
## 18 45.91000 47.471 48.211 44.736 45.326 47.360 49.580
## 19 31.22000 50.957 53.914 55.803 56.534 56.752 59.723
## 20 49.35500 52.961 54.985 54.314 52.199 49.856 50.430
## 21 74.21000 75.760 76.860 77.950 78.610 79.770 80.653
## 22 46.77500 48.295 50.485 49.396 46.066 43.308 44.741
## 23 47.38300 49.517 51.051 51.724 51.573 50.525 50.651
## 24 67.05200 70.565 72.492 74.126 75.816 77.860 78.553
## 25 63.96736 65.525 67.274 68.690 70.426 72.028 72.961
## 26 63.83700 66.653 67.768 68.421 70.313 71.682 72.889
## 27 50.93900 52.933 54.926 57.939 60.660 62.974 65.152
## 28 47.80400 47.784 47.412 45.548 42.587 44.966 46.462
## 29 55.62500 56.695 57.470 56.433 52.962 52.970 55.322
## 30 70.75000 73.450 74.752 75.713 77.260 78.123 78.782
## 31 52.37400 53.983 54.655 52.044 47.991 46.832 48.328
## 32 70.64000 70.460 71.520 72.527 73.680 74.876 75.748
## 33 72.64900 73.717 74.174 74.414 76.151 77.158 78.273
## 34 70.71000 70.960 71.580 72.400 74.010 75.510 76.486
## 35 74.69000 74.630 74.800 75.330 76.110 77.180 78.332
## 36 46.51900 48.812 50.040 51.604 53.157 53.373 54.791
## 37 61.78800 63.727 66.046 68.457 69.957 70.847 72.235
## 38 61.31000 64.342 67.231 69.613 72.312 74.173 74.994
## 39 53.31900 56.006 59.797 63.674 67.217 69.806 71.338
## 40 56.69600 56.604 63.154 66.798 69.535 70.734 71.878
## 41 42.02400 43.662 45.664 47.545 48.245 49.348 51.579
## 42 44.53500 43.890 46.453 49.991 53.378 55.240 58.040
## 43 44.51000 44.916 46.684 48.091 49.402 50.725 52.947
## 44 72.52000 74.550 74.830 75.700 77.130 78.370 79.313
## 45 73.83000 74.890 76.340 77.460 78.640 79.590 80.657
## 46 52.79000 56.564 60.190 61.366 60.461 56.761 56.735
## 47 41.84200 45.580 49.265 52.644 55.861 58.041 59.448
## 48 72.50000 73.800 74.847 76.070 77.340 78.670 79.406
## 49 51.75600 53.744 55.729 57.501 58.556 58.453 60.022
## 50 73.68000 75.240 76.670 77.030 77.869 78.256 79.483
## 51 56.02900 58.137 60.782 63.373 66.322 68.978 70.259
## 52 40.76200 42.891 45.552 48.576 51.455 53.676 56.007
## 53 37.46500 39.327 41.245 43.266 44.873 45.504 46.388
## 54 49.92300 51.461 53.636 55.089 56.671 58.137 60.916
## 55 57.40200 60.909 64.492 66.399 67.659 68.565 70.198
## 56 73.60000 75.450 76.200 77.601 80.000 81.495 82.208
## 57 69.95000 69.390 69.580 69.170 71.040 72.590 73.338
## 58 76.11000 76.990 77.230 78.770 78.950 80.500 81.757
## 59 54.20800 56.596 58.553 60.223 61.765 62.879 64.698
## 60 52.70200 56.159 60.137 62.681 66.041 68.588 70.650
## 61 57.70200 59.620 63.040 65.742 68.042 69.451 70.964
## 62 60.41300 62.038 65.044 59.461 58.811 57.046 59.545
## 63 72.03000 73.100 74.360 75.467 76.122 77.783 78.885
## 64 73.06000 74.450 75.600 76.930 78.269 79.696 80.745
## 65 73.48000 74.980 76.420 77.440 78.820 80.240 80.546
## 66 70.11000 71.210 71.770 71.766 72.262 72.047 72.567
## 67 75.38000 77.110 78.670 79.360 80.690 82.000 82.603
## 68 61.13400 63.739 65.869 68.015 69.772 71.263 72.535
## 69 56.15500 58.766 59.339 59.285 54.407 50.992 54.110
## 70 67.15900 69.100 70.647 69.978 67.727 66.662 67.297
## 71 64.76600 67.123 69.810 72.244 74.647 77.045 78.623
## 72 69.34300 71.309 74.174 75.190 76.156 76.904 77.588
## 73 66.09900 66.983 67.926 69.292 70.265 71.028 71.993
## 74 52.20800 55.078 57.180 59.685 55.558 44.593 42.592
## 75 43.76400 44.852 46.027 40.802 42.221 43.753 45.678
## 76 57.44200 62.155 66.234 68.755 71.555 72.737 73.952
## 77 46.88100 48.969 49.350 52.214 54.978 57.286 59.443
## 78 43.76700 45.642 47.457 49.420 47.495 45.009 48.303
## 79 65.25600 68.000 69.500 70.693 71.938 73.044 74.241
## 80 41.71400 43.916 46.364 48.388 49.903 51.818 54.467
## 81 50.85200 53.599 56.145 58.333 60.430 62.247 64.164
## 82 64.93000 66.711 68.740 69.745 70.736 71.954 72.801
## 83 65.03200 67.405 69.498 71.455 73.670 74.902 76.195
## 84 55.49100 57.489 60.222 61.271 63.625 65.033 66.803
## 85 73.06600 74.101 74.865 75.435 75.445 73.981 74.543
## 86 55.73000 59.650 62.677 65.393 67.660 69.615 71.164
## 87 42.49500 42.795 42.861 44.284 46.344 44.026 42.082
## 88 56.05900 58.056 58.339 59.320 60.328 59.908 62.069
## 89 56.43700 58.968 60.835 61.999 58.909 51.479 52.906
## 90 46.74800 49.594 52.537 55.727 59.426 61.340 63.785
## 91 75.24000 76.050 76.830 77.420 78.030 78.530 79.762
## 92 72.22000 73.840 74.320 76.330 77.550 79.110 80.204
## 93 57.47000 59.298 62.008 65.843 68.426 70.836 72.899
## 94 41.29100 42.598 44.555 47.391 51.313 54.496 56.867
## 95 44.51400 45.826 46.886 47.472 47.464 46.608 46.859
## 96 75.37000 75.970 75.890 77.320 78.320 79.050 80.196
## 97 57.36700 62.728 67.734 71.197 72.499 74.193 75.640
## 98 54.04300 56.158 58.245 60.838 61.818 63.610 65.483
## 99 68.68100 70.472 71.523 72.462 73.738 74.712 75.537
## 100 66.35300 66.874 67.378 68.225 69.400 70.755 71.752
## 101 58.44700 61.406 64.134 66.458 68.386 69.906 71.421
## 102 60.06000 62.082 64.151 66.458 68.564 70.303 71.688
## 103 70.67000 71.320 70.980 70.990 72.750 74.670 75.563
## 104 70.41000 72.770 74.060 74.860 75.970 77.290 78.098
## 105 73.44000 73.750 74.630 73.911 74.917 77.778 78.746
## 106 67.06400 69.885 71.913 73.615 74.772 75.744 76.442
## 107 69.46000 69.660 69.530 69.360 69.720 71.322 72.476
## 108 45.00000 46.218 44.020 23.599 36.087 43.413 46.242
## 109 58.55000 60.351 61.728 62.742 63.306 64.337 65.528
## 110 58.69000 63.012 66.295 68.768 70.533 71.626 72.777
## 111 48.87900 52.379 55.769 58.196 60.187 61.600 63.062
## 112 70.30000 70.162 71.218 71.659 72.232 73.213 74.002
## 113 36.78800 38.445 40.006 38.333 39.897 41.012 42.568
## 114 70.79500 71.760 73.560 75.788 77.158 78.770 79.972
## 115 70.45000 70.800 71.080 71.380 72.710 73.800 74.663
## 116 70.97000 71.063 72.250 73.640 75.130 76.660 77.926
## 117 41.97400 42.955 44.501 39.658 43.795 45.936 48.159
## 118 55.52700 58.161 60.834 61.888 60.236 53.365 49.339
## 119 74.39000 76.300 76.900 77.570 78.770 79.780 80.941
## 120 65.94900 68.757 69.011 70.379 70.457 70.815 72.396
## 121 47.80000 50.338 51.744 53.556 55.373 56.369 58.556
## 122 52.53700 55.561 57.678 58.474 54.289 43.869 39.613
## 123 75.44000 76.420 77.190 78.160 79.390 80.040 80.884
## 124 75.39000 76.210 77.410 78.030 79.370 80.620 81.701
## 125 61.19500 64.590 66.974 69.249 71.527 73.053 74.143
## 126 70.59000 72.160 73.400 74.260 75.250 76.990 78.400
## 127 49.91900 50.608 51.535 50.440 48.466 49.651 52.517
## 128 62.49400 64.597 66.084 67.298 67.521 68.564 70.616
## 129 52.88700 55.471 56.941 58.061 58.390 57.561 58.420
## 130 68.30000 68.832 69.582 69.862 69.465 68.976 69.819
## 131 59.83700 64.048 66.894 70.001 71.973 73.042 73.923
## 132 59.50700 61.036 63.108 66.146 68.835 70.845 71.777
## 133 50.35000 49.849 51.509 48.825 44.578 47.813 51.542
## 134 72.76000 74.040 75.007 76.420 77.218 78.471 79.425
## 135 73.38000 74.650 75.020 76.090 76.810 77.310 78.242
## 136 69.48100 70.805 71.918 72.752 74.223 75.307 76.384
## 137 67.45600 68.557 70.190 71.150 72.146 72.766 73.747
## 138 55.76400 58.816 62.820 67.662 70.672 73.017 74.249
## 139 60.76500 64.406 67.046 69.718 71.096 72.370 73.422
## 140 44.17500 49.113 52.922 55.599 58.020 60.308 62.698
## 141 51.38600 51.821 50.821 46.100 40.238 39.193 42.384
## 142 57.67400 60.363 62.351 60.377 46.809 39.989 43.487#Wide to long format:
df_long <- melt(df_wide, variable.name="year",
value.name="lifeExp" )## Using country as id variablesdf_long## country year lifeExp
## 1 Afghanistan 1952 28.80100
## 2 Albania 1952 55.23000
## 3 Algeria 1952 43.07700
## 4 Angola 1952 30.01500
## 5 Argentina 1952 62.48500
## 6 Australia 1952 69.12000
## 7 Austria 1952 66.80000
## 8 Bahrain 1952 50.93900
## 9 Bangladesh 1952 37.48400
## 10 Belgium 1952 68.00000
## 11 Benin 1952 38.22300
## 12 Bolivia 1952 40.41400
## 13 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1952 53.82000
## 14 Botswana 1952 47.62200
## 15 Brazil 1952 50.91700
## 16 Bulgaria 1952 59.60000
## 17 Burkina Faso 1952 31.97500
## 18 Burundi 1952 39.03100
## 19 Cambodia 1952 39.41700
## 20 Cameroon 1952 38.52300
## 21 Canada 1952 68.75000
## 22 Central African Republic 1952 35.46300
## 23 Chad 1952 38.09200
## 24 Chile 1952 54.74500
## 25 China 1952 44.00000
## 26 Colombia 1952 50.64300
## 27 Comoros 1952 40.71500
## 28 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1952 39.14300
## 29 Congo, Rep. 1952 42.11100
## 30 Costa Rica 1952 57.20600
## 31 Cote d'Ivoire 1952 40.47700
## 32 Croatia 1952 61.21000
## 33 Cuba 1952 59.42100
## 34 Czech Republic 1952 66.87000
## 35 Denmark 1952 70.78000
## 36 Djibouti 1952 34.81200
## 37 Dominican Republic 1952 45.92800
## 38 Ecuador 1952 48.35700
## 39 Egypt 1952 41.89300
## 40 El Salvador 1952 45.26200
## 41 Equatorial Guinea 1952 34.48200
## 42 Eritrea 1952 35.92800
## 43 Ethiopia 1952 34.07800
## 44 Finland 1952 66.55000
## 45 France 1952 67.41000
## 46 Gabon 1952 37.00300
## 47 Gambia 1952 30.00000
## 48 Germany 1952 67.50000
## 49 Ghana 1952 43.14900
## 50 Greece 1952 65.86000
## 51 Guatemala 1952 42.02300
## 52 Guinea 1952 33.60900
## 53 Guinea-Bissau 1952 32.50000
## 54 Haiti 1952 37.57900
## 55 Honduras 1952 41.91200
## 56 Hong Kong, China 1952 60.96000
## 57 Hungary 1952 64.03000
## 58 Iceland 1952 72.49000
## 59 India 1952 37.37300
## 60 Indonesia 1952 37.46800
## 61 Iran 1952 44.86900
## 62 Iraq 1952 45.32000
## 63 Ireland 1952 66.91000
## 64 Israel 1952 65.39000
## 65 Italy 1952 65.94000
## 66 Jamaica 1952 58.53000
## 67 Japan 1952 63.03000
## 68 Jordan 1952 43.15800
## 69 Kenya 1952 42.27000
## 70 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1952 50.05600
## 71 Korea, Rep. 1952 47.45300
## 72 Kuwait 1952 55.56500
## 73 Lebanon 1952 55.92800
## 74 Lesotho 1952 42.13800
## 75 Liberia 1952 38.48000
## 76 Libya 1952 42.72300
## 77 Madagascar 1952 36.68100
## 78 Malawi 1952 36.25600
## 79 Malaysia 1952 48.46300
## 80 Mali 1952 33.68500
## 81 Mauritania 1952 40.54300
## 82 Mauritius 1952 50.98600
## 83 Mexico 1952 50.78900
## 84 Mongolia 1952 42.24400
## 85 Montenegro 1952 59.16400
## 86 Morocco 1952 42.87300
## 87 Mozambique 1952 31.28600
## 88 Myanmar 1952 36.31900
## 89 Namibia 1952 41.72500
## 90 Nepal 1952 36.15700
## 91 Netherlands 1952 72.13000
## 92 New Zealand 1952 69.39000
## 93 Nicaragua 1952 42.31400
## 94 Niger 1952 37.44400
## 95 Nigeria 1952 36.32400
## 96 Norway 1952 72.67000
## 97 Oman 1952 37.57800
## 98 Pakistan 1952 43.43600
## 99 Panama 1952 55.19100
## 100 Paraguay 1952 62.64900
## 101 Peru 1952 43.90200
## 102 Philippines 1952 47.75200
## 103 Poland 1952 61.31000
## 104 Portugal 1952 59.82000
## 105 Puerto Rico 1952 64.28000
## 106 Reunion 1952 52.72400
## 107 Romania 1952 61.05000
## 108 Rwanda 1952 40.00000
## 109 Sao Tome and Principe 1952 46.47100
## 110 Saudi Arabia 1952 39.87500
## 111 Senegal 1952 37.27800
## 112 Serbia 1952 57.99600
## 113 Sierra Leone 1952 30.33100
## 114 Singapore 1952 60.39600
## 115 Slovak Republic 1952 64.36000
## 116 Slovenia 1952 65.57000
## 117 Somalia 1952 32.97800
## 118 South Africa 1952 45.00900
## 119 Spain 1952 64.94000
## 120 Sri Lanka 1952 57.59300
## 121 Sudan 1952 38.63500
## 122 Swaziland 1952 41.40700
## 123 Sweden 1952 71.86000
## 124 Switzerland 1952 69.62000
## 125 Syria 1952 45.88300
## 126 Taiwan 1952 58.50000
## 127 Tanzania 1952 41.21500
## 128 Thailand 1952 50.84800
## 129 Togo 1952 38.59600
## 130 Trinidad and Tobago 1952 59.10000
## 131 Tunisia 1952 44.60000
## 132 Turkey 1952 43.58500
## 133 Uganda 1952 39.97800
## 134 United Kingdom 1952 69.18000
## 135 United States 1952 68.44000
## 136 Uruguay 1952 66.07100
## 137 Venezuela 1952 55.08800
## 138 Vietnam 1952 40.41200
## 139 West Bank and Gaza 1952 43.16000
## 140 Yemen, Rep. 1952 32.54800
## 141 Zambia 1952 42.03800
## 142 Zimbabwe 1952 48.45100
## 143 Afghanistan 1957 30.33200
## 144 Albania 1957 59.28000
## 145 Algeria 1957 45.68500
## 146 Angola 1957 31.99900
## 147 Argentina 1957 64.39900
## 148 Australia 1957 70.33000
## 149 Austria 1957 67.48000
## 150 Bahrain 1957 53.83200
## 151 Bangladesh 1957 39.34800
## 152 Belgium 1957 69.24000
## 153 Benin 1957 40.35800
## 154 Bolivia 1957 41.89000
## 155 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1957 58.45000
## 156 Botswana 1957 49.61800
## 157 Brazil 1957 53.28500
## 158 Bulgaria 1957 66.61000
## 159 Burkina Faso 1957 34.90600
## 160 Burundi 1957 40.53300
## 161 Cambodia 1957 41.36600
## 162 Cameroon 1957 40.42800
## 163 Canada 1957 69.96000
## 164 Central African Republic 1957 37.46400
## 165 Chad 1957 39.88100
## 166 Chile 1957 56.07400
## 167 China 1957 50.54896
## 168 Colombia 1957 55.11800
## 169 Comoros 1957 42.46000
## 170 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1957 40.65200
## 171 Congo, Rep. 1957 45.05300
## 172 Costa Rica 1957 60.02600
## 173 Cote d'Ivoire 1957 42.46900
## 174 Croatia 1957 64.77000
## 175 Cuba 1957 62.32500
## 176 Czech Republic 1957 69.03000
## 177 Denmark 1957 71.81000
## 178 Djibouti 1957 37.32800
## 179 Dominican Republic 1957 49.82800
## 180 Ecuador 1957 51.35600
## 181 Egypt 1957 44.44400
## 182 El Salvador 1957 48.57000
## 183 Equatorial Guinea 1957 35.98300
## 184 Eritrea 1957 38.04700
## 185 Ethiopia 1957 36.66700
## 186 Finland 1957 67.49000
## 187 France 1957 68.93000
## 188 Gabon 1957 38.99900
## 189 Gambia 1957 32.06500
## 190 Germany 1957 69.10000
## 191 Ghana 1957 44.77900
## 192 Greece 1957 67.86000
## 193 Guatemala 1957 44.14200
## 194 Guinea 1957 34.55800
## 195 Guinea-Bissau 1957 33.48900
## 196 Haiti 1957 40.69600
## 197 Honduras 1957 44.66500
## 198 Hong Kong, China 1957 64.75000
## 199 Hungary 1957 66.41000
## 200 Iceland 1957 73.47000
## 201 India 1957 40.24900
## 202 Indonesia 1957 39.91800
## 203 Iran 1957 47.18100
## 204 Iraq 1957 48.43700
## 205 Ireland 1957 68.90000
## 206 Israel 1957 67.84000
## 207 Italy 1957 67.81000
## 208 Jamaica 1957 62.61000
## 209 Japan 1957 65.50000
## 210 Jordan 1957 45.66900
## 211 Kenya 1957 44.68600
## 212 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1957 54.08100
## 213 Korea, Rep. 1957 52.68100
## 214 Kuwait 1957 58.03300
## 215 Lebanon 1957 59.48900
## 216 Lesotho 1957 45.04700
## 217 Liberia 1957 39.48600
## 218 Libya 1957 45.28900
## 219 Madagascar 1957 38.86500
## 220 Malawi 1957 37.20700
## 221 Malaysia 1957 52.10200
## 222 Mali 1957 35.30700
## 223 Mauritania 1957 42.33800
## 224 Mauritius 1957 58.08900
## 225 Mexico 1957 55.19000
## 226 Mongolia 1957 45.24800
## 227 Montenegro 1957 61.44800
## 228 Morocco 1957 45.42300
## 229 Mozambique 1957 33.77900
## 230 Myanmar 1957 41.90500
## 231 Namibia 1957 45.22600
## 232 Nepal 1957 37.68600
## 233 Netherlands 1957 72.99000
## 234 New Zealand 1957 70.26000
## 235 Nicaragua 1957 45.43200
## 236 Niger 1957 38.59800
## 237 Nigeria 1957 37.80200
## 238 Norway 1957 73.44000
## 239 Oman 1957 40.08000
## 240 Pakistan 1957 45.55700
## 241 Panama 1957 59.20100
## 242 Paraguay 1957 63.19600
## 243 Peru 1957 46.26300
## 244 Philippines 1957 51.33400
## 245 Poland 1957 65.77000
## 246 Portugal 1957 61.51000
## 247 Puerto Rico 1957 68.54000
## 248 Reunion 1957 55.09000
## 249 Romania 1957 64.10000
## 250 Rwanda 1957 41.50000
## 251 Sao Tome and Principe 1957 48.94500
## 252 Saudi Arabia 1957 42.86800
## 253 Senegal 1957 39.32900
## 254 Serbia 1957 61.68500
## 255 Sierra Leone 1957 31.57000
## 256 Singapore 1957 63.17900
## 257 Slovak Republic 1957 67.45000
## 258 Slovenia 1957 67.85000
## 259 Somalia 1957 34.97700
## 260 South Africa 1957 47.98500
## 261 Spain 1957 66.66000
## 262 Sri Lanka 1957 61.45600
## 263 Sudan 1957 39.62400
## 264 Swaziland 1957 43.42400
## 265 Sweden 1957 72.49000
## 266 Switzerland 1957 70.56000
## 267 Syria 1957 48.28400
## 268 Taiwan 1957 62.40000
## 269 Tanzania 1957 42.97400
## 270 Thailand 1957 53.63000
## 271 Togo 1957 41.20800
## 272 Trinidad and Tobago 1957 61.80000
## 273 Tunisia 1957 47.10000
## 274 Turkey 1957 48.07900
## 275 Uganda 1957 42.57100
## 276 United Kingdom 1957 70.42000
## 277 United States 1957 69.49000
## 278 Uruguay 1957 67.04400
## 279 Venezuela 1957 57.90700
## 280 Vietnam 1957 42.88700
## 281 West Bank and Gaza 1957 45.67100
## 282 Yemen, Rep. 1957 33.97000
## 283 Zambia 1957 44.07700
## 284 Zimbabwe 1957 50.46900
## 285 Afghanistan 1962 31.99700
## 286 Albania 1962 64.82000
## 287 Algeria 1962 48.30300
## 288 Angola 1962 34.00000
## 289 Argentina 1962 65.14200
## 290 Australia 1962 70.93000
## 291 Austria 1962 69.54000
## 292 Bahrain 1962 56.92300
## 293 Bangladesh 1962 41.21600
## 294 Belgium 1962 70.25000
## 295 Benin 1962 42.61800
## 296 Bolivia 1962 43.42800
## 297 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1962 61.93000
## 298 Botswana 1962 51.52000
## 299 Brazil 1962 55.66500
## 300 Bulgaria 1962 69.51000
## 301 Burkina Faso 1962 37.81400
## 302 Burundi 1962 42.04500
## 303 Cambodia 1962 43.41500
## 304 Cameroon 1962 42.64300
## 305 Canada 1962 71.30000
## 306 Central African Republic 1962 39.47500
## 307 Chad 1962 41.71600
## 308 Chile 1962 57.92400
## 309 China 1962 44.50136
## 310 Colombia 1962 57.86300
## 311 Comoros 1962 44.46700
## 312 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1962 42.12200
## 313 Congo, Rep. 1962 48.43500
## 314 Costa Rica 1962 62.84200
## 315 Cote d'Ivoire 1962 44.93000
## 316 Croatia 1962 67.13000
## 317 Cuba 1962 65.24600
## 318 Czech Republic 1962 69.90000
## 319 Denmark 1962 72.35000
## 320 Djibouti 1962 39.69300
## 321 Dominican Republic 1962 53.45900
## 322 Ecuador 1962 54.64000
## 323 Egypt 1962 46.99200
## 324 El Salvador 1962 52.30700
## 325 Equatorial Guinea 1962 37.48500
## 326 Eritrea 1962 40.15800
## 327 Ethiopia 1962 40.05900
## 328 Finland 1962 68.75000
## 329 France 1962 70.51000
## 330 Gabon 1962 40.48900
## 331 Gambia 1962 33.89600
## 332 Germany 1962 70.30000
## 333 Ghana 1962 46.45200
## 334 Greece 1962 69.51000
## 335 Guatemala 1962 46.95400
## 336 Guinea 1962 35.75300
## 337 Guinea-Bissau 1962 34.48800
## 338 Haiti 1962 43.59000
## 339 Honduras 1962 48.04100
## 340 Hong Kong, China 1962 67.65000
## 341 Hungary 1962 67.96000
## 342 Iceland 1962 73.68000
## 343 India 1962 43.60500
## 344 Indonesia 1962 42.51800
## 345 Iran 1962 49.32500
## 346 Iraq 1962 51.45700
## 347 Ireland 1962 70.29000
## 348 Israel 1962 69.39000
## 349 Italy 1962 69.24000
## 350 Jamaica 1962 65.61000
## 351 Japan 1962 68.73000
## 352 Jordan 1962 48.12600
## 353 Kenya 1962 47.94900
## 354 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1962 56.65600
## 355 Korea, Rep. 1962 55.29200
## 356 Kuwait 1962 60.47000
## 357 Lebanon 1962 62.09400
## 358 Lesotho 1962 47.74700
## 359 Liberia 1962 40.50200
## 360 Libya 1962 47.80800
## 361 Madagascar 1962 40.84800
## 362 Malawi 1962 38.41000
## 363 Malaysia 1962 55.73700
## 364 Mali 1962 36.93600
## 365 Mauritania 1962 44.24800
## 366 Mauritius 1962 60.24600
## 367 Mexico 1962 58.29900
## 368 Mongolia 1962 48.25100
## 369 Montenegro 1962 63.72800
## 370 Morocco 1962 47.92400
## 371 Mozambique 1962 36.16100
## 372 Myanmar 1962 45.10800
## 373 Namibia 1962 48.38600
## 374 Nepal 1962 39.39300
## 375 Netherlands 1962 73.23000
## 376 New Zealand 1962 71.24000
## 377 Nicaragua 1962 48.63200
## 378 Niger 1962 39.48700
## 379 Nigeria 1962 39.36000
## 380 Norway 1962 73.47000
## 381 Oman 1962 43.16500
## 382 Pakistan 1962 47.67000
## 383 Panama 1962 61.81700
## 384 Paraguay 1962 64.36100
## 385 Peru 1962 49.09600
## 386 Philippines 1962 54.75700
## 387 Poland 1962 67.64000
## 388 Portugal 1962 64.39000
## 389 Puerto Rico 1962 69.62000
## 390 Reunion 1962 57.66600
## 391 Romania 1962 66.80000
## 392 Rwanda 1962 43.00000
## 393 Sao Tome and Principe 1962 51.89300
## 394 Saudi Arabia 1962 45.91400
## 395 Senegal 1962 41.45400
## 396 Serbia 1962 64.53100
## 397 Sierra Leone 1962 32.76700
## 398 Singapore 1962 65.79800
## 399 Slovak Republic 1962 70.33000
## 400 Slovenia 1962 69.15000
## 401 Somalia 1962 36.98100
## 402 South Africa 1962 49.95100
## 403 Spain 1962 69.69000
## 404 Sri Lanka 1962 62.19200
## 405 Sudan 1962 40.87000
## 406 Swaziland 1962 44.99200
## 407 Sweden 1962 73.37000
## 408 Switzerland 1962 71.32000
## 409 Syria 1962 50.30500
## 410 Taiwan 1962 65.20000
## 411 Tanzania 1962 44.24600
## 412 Thailand 1962 56.06100
## 413 Togo 1962 43.92200
## 414 Trinidad and Tobago 1962 64.90000
## 415 Tunisia 1962 49.57900
## 416 Turkey 1962 52.09800
## 417 Uganda 1962 45.34400
## 418 United Kingdom 1962 70.76000
## 419 United States 1962 70.21000
## 420 Uruguay 1962 68.25300
## 421 Venezuela 1962 60.77000
## 422 Vietnam 1962 45.36300
## 423 West Bank and Gaza 1962 48.12700
## 424 Yemen, Rep. 1962 35.18000
## 425 Zambia 1962 46.02300
## 426 Zimbabwe 1962 52.35800
## 427 Afghanistan 1967 34.02000
## 428 Albania 1967 66.22000
## 429 Algeria 1967 51.40700
## 430 Angola 1967 35.98500
## 431 Argentina 1967 65.63400
## 432 Australia 1967 71.10000
## 433 Austria 1967 70.14000
## 434 Bahrain 1967 59.92300
## 435 Bangladesh 1967 43.45300
## 436 Belgium 1967 70.94000
## 437 Benin 1967 44.88500
## 438 Bolivia 1967 45.03200
## 439 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1967 64.79000
## 440 Botswana 1967 53.29800
## 441 Brazil 1967 57.63200
## 442 Bulgaria 1967 70.42000
## 443 Burkina Faso 1967 40.69700
## 444 Burundi 1967 43.54800
## 445 Cambodia 1967 45.41500
## 446 Cameroon 1967 44.79900
## 447 Canada 1967 72.13000
## 448 Central African Republic 1967 41.47800
## 449 Chad 1967 43.60100
## 450 Chile 1967 60.52300
## 451 China 1967 58.38112
## 452 Colombia 1967 59.96300
## 453 Comoros 1967 46.47200
## 454 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1967 44.05600
## 455 Congo, Rep. 1967 52.04000
## 456 Costa Rica 1967 65.42400
## 457 Cote d'Ivoire 1967 47.35000
## 458 Croatia 1967 68.50000
## 459 Cuba 1967 68.29000
## 460 Czech Republic 1967 70.38000
## 461 Denmark 1967 72.96000
## 462 Djibouti 1967 42.07400
## 463 Dominican Republic 1967 56.75100
## 464 Ecuador 1967 56.67800
## 465 Egypt 1967 49.29300
## 466 El Salvador 1967 55.85500
## 467 Equatorial Guinea 1967 38.98700
## 468 Eritrea 1967 42.18900
## 469 Ethiopia 1967 42.11500
## 470 Finland 1967 69.83000
## 471 France 1967 71.55000
## 472 Gabon 1967 44.59800
## 473 Gambia 1967 35.85700
## 474 Germany 1967 70.80000
## 475 Ghana 1967 48.07200
## 476 Greece 1967 71.00000
## 477 Guatemala 1967 50.01600
## 478 Guinea 1967 37.19700
## 479 Guinea-Bissau 1967 35.49200
## 480 Haiti 1967 46.24300
## 481 Honduras 1967 50.92400
## 482 Hong Kong, China 1967 70.00000
## 483 Hungary 1967 69.50000
## 484 Iceland 1967 73.73000
## 485 India 1967 47.19300
## 486 Indonesia 1967 45.96400
## 487 Iran 1967 52.46900
## 488 Iraq 1967 54.45900
## 489 Ireland 1967 71.08000
## 490 Israel 1967 70.75000
## 491 Italy 1967 71.06000
## 492 Jamaica 1967 67.51000
## 493 Japan 1967 71.43000
## 494 Jordan 1967 51.62900
## 495 Kenya 1967 50.65400
## 496 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1967 59.94200
## 497 Korea, Rep. 1967 57.71600
## 498 Kuwait 1967 64.62400
## 499 Lebanon 1967 63.87000
## 500 Lesotho 1967 48.49200
## 501 Liberia 1967 41.53600
## 502 Libya 1967 50.22700
## 503 Madagascar 1967 42.88100
## 504 Malawi 1967 39.48700
## 505 Malaysia 1967 59.37100
## 506 Mali 1967 38.48700
## 507 Mauritania 1967 46.28900
## 508 Mauritius 1967 61.55700
## 509 Mexico 1967 60.11000
## 510 Mongolia 1967 51.25300
## 511 Montenegro 1967 67.17800
## 512 Morocco 1967 50.33500
## 513 Mozambique 1967 38.11300
## 514 Myanmar 1967 49.37900
## 515 Namibia 1967 51.15900
## 516 Nepal 1967 41.47200
## 517 Netherlands 1967 73.82000
## 518 New Zealand 1967 71.52000
## 519 Nicaragua 1967 51.88400
## 520 Niger 1967 40.11800
## 521 Nigeria 1967 41.04000
## 522 Norway 1967 74.08000
## 523 Oman 1967 46.98800
## 524 Pakistan 1967 49.80000
## 525 Panama 1967 64.07100
## 526 Paraguay 1967 64.95100
## 527 Peru 1967 51.44500
## 528 Philippines 1967 56.39300
## 529 Poland 1967 69.61000
## 530 Portugal 1967 66.60000
## 531 Puerto Rico 1967 71.10000
## 532 Reunion 1967 60.54200
## 533 Romania 1967 66.80000
## 534 Rwanda 1967 44.10000
## 535 Sao Tome and Principe 1967 54.42500
## 536 Saudi Arabia 1967 49.90100
## 537 Senegal 1967 43.56300
## 538 Serbia 1967 66.91400
## 539 Sierra Leone 1967 34.11300
## 540 Singapore 1967 67.94600
## 541 Slovak Republic 1967 70.98000
## 542 Slovenia 1967 69.18000
## 543 Somalia 1967 38.97700
## 544 South Africa 1967 51.92700
## 545 Spain 1967 71.44000
## 546 Sri Lanka 1967 64.26600
## 547 Sudan 1967 42.85800
## 548 Swaziland 1967 46.63300
## 549 Sweden 1967 74.16000
## 550 Switzerland 1967 72.77000
## 551 Syria 1967 53.65500
## 552 Taiwan 1967 67.50000
## 553 Tanzania 1967 45.75700
## 554 Thailand 1967 58.28500
## 555 Togo 1967 46.76900
## 556 Trinidad and Tobago 1967 65.40000
## 557 Tunisia 1967 52.05300
## 558 Turkey 1967 54.33600
## 559 Uganda 1967 48.05100
## 560 United Kingdom 1967 71.36000
## 561 United States 1967 70.76000
## 562 Uruguay 1967 68.46800
## 563 Venezuela 1967 63.47900
## 564 Vietnam 1967 47.83800
## 565 West Bank and Gaza 1967 51.63100
## 566 Yemen, Rep. 1967 36.98400
## 567 Zambia 1967 47.76800
## 568 Zimbabwe 1967 53.99500
## 569 Afghanistan 1972 36.08800
## 570 Albania 1972 67.69000
## 571 Algeria 1972 54.51800
## 572 Angola 1972 37.92800
## 573 Argentina 1972 67.06500
## 574 Australia 1972 71.93000
## 575 Austria 1972 70.63000
## 576 Bahrain 1972 63.30000
## 577 Bangladesh 1972 45.25200
## 578 Belgium 1972 71.44000
## 579 Benin 1972 47.01400
## 580 Bolivia 1972 46.71400
## 581 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1972 67.45000
## 582 Botswana 1972 56.02400
## 583 Brazil 1972 59.50400
## 584 Bulgaria 1972 70.90000
## 585 Burkina Faso 1972 43.59100
## 586 Burundi 1972 44.05700
## 587 Cambodia 1972 40.31700
## 588 Cameroon 1972 47.04900
## 589 Canada 1972 72.88000
## 590 Central African Republic 1972 43.45700
## 591 Chad 1972 45.56900
## 592 Chile 1972 63.44100
## 593 China 1972 63.11888
## 594 Colombia 1972 61.62300
## 595 Comoros 1972 48.94400
## 596 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1972 45.98900
## 597 Congo, Rep. 1972 54.90700
## 598 Costa Rica 1972 67.84900
## 599 Cote d'Ivoire 1972 49.80100
## 600 Croatia 1972 69.61000
## 601 Cuba 1972 70.72300
## 602 Czech Republic 1972 70.29000
## 603 Denmark 1972 73.47000
## 604 Djibouti 1972 44.36600
## 605 Dominican Republic 1972 59.63100
## 606 Ecuador 1972 58.79600
## 607 Egypt 1972 51.13700
## 608 El Salvador 1972 58.20700
## 609 Equatorial Guinea 1972 40.51600
## 610 Eritrea 1972 44.14200
## 611 Ethiopia 1972 43.51500
## 612 Finland 1972 70.87000
## 613 France 1972 72.38000
## 614 Gabon 1972 48.69000
## 615 Gambia 1972 38.30800
## 616 Germany 1972 71.00000
## 617 Ghana 1972 49.87500
## 618 Greece 1972 72.34000
## 619 Guatemala 1972 53.73800
## 620 Guinea 1972 38.84200
## 621 Guinea-Bissau 1972 36.48600
## 622 Haiti 1972 48.04200
## 623 Honduras 1972 53.88400
## 624 Hong Kong, China 1972 72.00000
## 625 Hungary 1972 69.76000
## 626 Iceland 1972 74.46000
## 627 India 1972 50.65100
## 628 Indonesia 1972 49.20300
## 629 Iran 1972 55.23400
## 630 Iraq 1972 56.95000
## 631 Ireland 1972 71.28000
## 632 Israel 1972 71.63000
## 633 Italy 1972 72.19000
## 634 Jamaica 1972 69.00000
## 635 Japan 1972 73.42000
## 636 Jordan 1972 56.52800
## 637 Kenya 1972 53.55900
## 638 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1972 63.98300
## 639 Korea, Rep. 1972 62.61200
## 640 Kuwait 1972 67.71200
## 641 Lebanon 1972 65.42100
## 642 Lesotho 1972 49.76700
## 643 Liberia 1972 42.61400
## 644 Libya 1972 52.77300
## 645 Madagascar 1972 44.85100
## 646 Malawi 1972 41.76600
## 647 Malaysia 1972 63.01000
## 648 Mali 1972 39.97700
## 649 Mauritania 1972 48.43700
## 650 Mauritius 1972 62.94400
## 651 Mexico 1972 62.36100
## 652 Mongolia 1972 53.75400
## 653 Montenegro 1972 70.63600
## 654 Morocco 1972 52.86200
## 655 Mozambique 1972 40.32800
## 656 Myanmar 1972 53.07000
## 657 Namibia 1972 53.86700
## 658 Nepal 1972 43.97100
## 659 Netherlands 1972 73.75000
## 660 New Zealand 1972 71.89000
## 661 Nicaragua 1972 55.15100
## 662 Niger 1972 40.54600
## 663 Nigeria 1972 42.82100
## 664 Norway 1972 74.34000
## 665 Oman 1972 52.14300
## 666 Pakistan 1972 51.92900
## 667 Panama 1972 66.21600
## 668 Paraguay 1972 65.81500
## 669 Peru 1972 55.44800
## 670 Philippines 1972 58.06500
## 671 Poland 1972 70.85000
## 672 Portugal 1972 69.26000
## 673 Puerto Rico 1972 72.16000
## 674 Reunion 1972 64.27400
## 675 Romania 1972 69.21000
## 676 Rwanda 1972 44.60000
## 677 Sao Tome and Principe 1972 56.48000
## 678 Saudi Arabia 1972 53.88600
## 679 Senegal 1972 45.81500
## 680 Serbia 1972 68.70000
## 681 Sierra Leone 1972 35.40000
## 682 Singapore 1972 69.52100
## 683 Slovak Republic 1972 70.35000
## 684 Slovenia 1972 69.82000
## 685 Somalia 1972 40.97300
## 686 South Africa 1972 53.69600
## 687 Spain 1972 73.06000
## 688 Sri Lanka 1972 65.04200
## 689 Sudan 1972 45.08300
## 690 Swaziland 1972 49.55200
## 691 Sweden 1972 74.72000
## 692 Switzerland 1972 73.78000
## 693 Syria 1972 57.29600
## 694 Taiwan 1972 69.39000
## 695 Tanzania 1972 47.62000
## 696 Thailand 1972 60.40500
## 697 Togo 1972 49.75900
## 698 Trinidad and Tobago 1972 65.90000
## 699 Tunisia 1972 55.60200
## 700 Turkey 1972 57.00500
## 701 Uganda 1972 51.01600
## 702 United Kingdom 1972 72.01000
## 703 United States 1972 71.34000
## 704 Uruguay 1972 68.67300
## 705 Venezuela 1972 65.71200
## 706 Vietnam 1972 50.25400
## 707 West Bank and Gaza 1972 56.53200
## 708 Yemen, Rep. 1972 39.84800
## 709 Zambia 1972 50.10700
## 710 Zimbabwe 1972 55.63500
## 711 Afghanistan 1977 38.43800
## 712 Albania 1977 68.93000
## 713 Algeria 1977 58.01400
## 714 Angola 1977 39.48300
## 715 Argentina 1977 68.48100
## 716 Australia 1977 73.49000
## 717 Austria 1977 72.17000
## 718 Bahrain 1977 65.59300
## 719 Bangladesh 1977 46.92300
## 720 Belgium 1977 72.80000
## 721 Benin 1977 49.19000
## 722 Bolivia 1977 50.02300
## 723 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1977 69.86000
## 724 Botswana 1977 59.31900
## 725 Brazil 1977 61.48900
## 726 Bulgaria 1977 70.81000
## 727 Burkina Faso 1977 46.13700
## 728 Burundi 1977 45.91000
## 729 Cambodia 1977 31.22000
## 730 Cameroon 1977 49.35500
## 731 Canada 1977 74.21000
## 732 Central African Republic 1977 46.77500
## 733 Chad 1977 47.38300
## 734 Chile 1977 67.05200
## 735 China 1977 63.96736
## 736 Colombia 1977 63.83700
## 737 Comoros 1977 50.93900
## 738 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1977 47.80400
## 739 Congo, Rep. 1977 55.62500
## 740 Costa Rica 1977 70.75000
## 741 Cote d'Ivoire 1977 52.37400
## 742 Croatia 1977 70.64000
## 743 Cuba 1977 72.64900
## 744 Czech Republic 1977 70.71000
## 745 Denmark 1977 74.69000
## 746 Djibouti 1977 46.51900
## 747 Dominican Republic 1977 61.78800
## 748 Ecuador 1977 61.31000
## 749 Egypt 1977 53.31900
## 750 El Salvador 1977 56.69600
## 751 Equatorial Guinea 1977 42.02400
## 752 Eritrea 1977 44.53500
## 753 Ethiopia 1977 44.51000
## 754 Finland 1977 72.52000
## 755 France 1977 73.83000
## 756 Gabon 1977 52.79000
## 757 Gambia 1977 41.84200
## 758 Germany 1977 72.50000
## 759 Ghana 1977 51.75600
## 760 Greece 1977 73.68000
## 761 Guatemala 1977 56.02900
## 762 Guinea 1977 40.76200
## 763 Guinea-Bissau 1977 37.46500
## 764 Haiti 1977 49.92300
## 765 Honduras 1977 57.40200
## 766 Hong Kong, China 1977 73.60000
## 767 Hungary 1977 69.95000
## 768 Iceland 1977 76.11000
## 769 India 1977 54.20800
## 770 Indonesia 1977 52.70200
## 771 Iran 1977 57.70200
## 772 Iraq 1977 60.41300
## 773 Ireland 1977 72.03000
## 774 Israel 1977 73.06000
## 775 Italy 1977 73.48000
## 776 Jamaica 1977 70.11000
## 777 Japan 1977 75.38000
## 778 Jordan 1977 61.13400
## 779 Kenya 1977 56.15500
## 780 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1977 67.15900
## 781 Korea, Rep. 1977 64.76600
## 782 Kuwait 1977 69.34300
## 783 Lebanon 1977 66.09900
## 784 Lesotho 1977 52.20800
## 785 Liberia 1977 43.76400
## 786 Libya 1977 57.44200
## 787 Madagascar 1977 46.88100
## 788 Malawi 1977 43.76700
## 789 Malaysia 1977 65.25600
## 790 Mali 1977 41.71400
## 791 Mauritania 1977 50.85200
## 792 Mauritius 1977 64.93000
## 793 Mexico 1977 65.03200
## 794 Mongolia 1977 55.49100
## 795 Montenegro 1977 73.06600
## 796 Morocco 1977 55.73000
## 797 Mozambique 1977 42.49500
## 798 Myanmar 1977 56.05900
## 799 Namibia 1977 56.43700
## 800 Nepal 1977 46.74800
## 801 Netherlands 1977 75.24000
## 802 New Zealand 1977 72.22000
## 803 Nicaragua 1977 57.47000
## 804 Niger 1977 41.29100
## 805 Nigeria 1977 44.51400
## 806 Norway 1977 75.37000
## 807 Oman 1977 57.36700
## 808 Pakistan 1977 54.04300
## 809 Panama 1977 68.68100
## 810 Paraguay 1977 66.35300
## 811 Peru 1977 58.44700
## 812 Philippines 1977 60.06000
## 813 Poland 1977 70.67000
## 814 Portugal 1977 70.41000
## 815 Puerto Rico 1977 73.44000
## 816 Reunion 1977 67.06400
## 817 Romania 1977 69.46000
## 818 Rwanda 1977 45.00000
## 819 Sao Tome and Principe 1977 58.55000
## 820 Saudi Arabia 1977 58.69000
## 821 Senegal 1977 48.87900
## 822 Serbia 1977 70.30000
## 823 Sierra Leone 1977 36.78800
## 824 Singapore 1977 70.79500
## 825 Slovak Republic 1977 70.45000
## 826 Slovenia 1977 70.97000
## 827 Somalia 1977 41.97400
## 828 South Africa 1977 55.52700
## 829 Spain 1977 74.39000
## 830 Sri Lanka 1977 65.94900
## 831 Sudan 1977 47.80000
## 832 Swaziland 1977 52.53700
## 833 Sweden 1977 75.44000
## 834 Switzerland 1977 75.39000
## 835 Syria 1977 61.19500
## 836 Taiwan 1977 70.59000
## 837 Tanzania 1977 49.91900
## 838 Thailand 1977 62.49400
## 839 Togo 1977 52.88700
## 840 Trinidad and Tobago 1977 68.30000
## 841 Tunisia 1977 59.83700
## 842 Turkey 1977 59.50700
## 843 Uganda 1977 50.35000
## 844 United Kingdom 1977 72.76000
## 845 United States 1977 73.38000
## 846 Uruguay 1977 69.48100
## 847 Venezuela 1977 67.45600
## 848 Vietnam 1977 55.76400
## 849 West Bank and Gaza 1977 60.76500
## 850 Yemen, Rep. 1977 44.17500
## 851 Zambia 1977 51.38600
## 852 Zimbabwe 1977 57.67400
## 853 Afghanistan 1982 39.85400
## 854 Albania 1982 70.42000
## 855 Algeria 1982 61.36800
## 856 Angola 1982 39.94200
## 857 Argentina 1982 69.94200
## 858 Australia 1982 74.74000
## 859 Austria 1982 73.18000
## 860 Bahrain 1982 69.05200
## 861 Bangladesh 1982 50.00900
## 862 Belgium 1982 73.93000
## 863 Benin 1982 50.90400
## 864 Bolivia 1982 53.85900
## 865 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1982 70.69000
## 866 Botswana 1982 61.48400
## 867 Brazil 1982 63.33600
## 868 Bulgaria 1982 71.08000
## 869 Burkina Faso 1982 48.12200
## 870 Burundi 1982 47.47100
## 871 Cambodia 1982 50.95700
## 872 Cameroon 1982 52.96100
## 873 Canada 1982 75.76000
## 874 Central African Republic 1982 48.29500
## 875 Chad 1982 49.51700
## 876 Chile 1982 70.56500
## 877 China 1982 65.52500
## 878 Colombia 1982 66.65300
## 879 Comoros 1982 52.93300
## 880 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1982 47.78400
## 881 Congo, Rep. 1982 56.69500
## 882 Costa Rica 1982 73.45000
## 883 Cote d'Ivoire 1982 53.98300
## 884 Croatia 1982 70.46000
## 885 Cuba 1982 73.71700
## 886 Czech Republic 1982 70.96000
## 887 Denmark 1982 74.63000
## 888 Djibouti 1982 48.81200
## 889 Dominican Republic 1982 63.72700
## 890 Ecuador 1982 64.34200
## 891 Egypt 1982 56.00600
## 892 El Salvador 1982 56.60400
## 893 Equatorial Guinea 1982 43.66200
## 894 Eritrea 1982 43.89000
## 895 Ethiopia 1982 44.91600
## 896 Finland 1982 74.55000
## 897 France 1982 74.89000
## 898 Gabon 1982 56.56400
## 899 Gambia 1982 45.58000
## 900 Germany 1982 73.80000
## 901 Ghana 1982 53.74400
## 902 Greece 1982 75.24000
## 903 Guatemala 1982 58.13700
## 904 Guinea 1982 42.89100
## 905 Guinea-Bissau 1982 39.32700
## 906 Haiti 1982 51.46100
## 907 Honduras 1982 60.90900
## 908 Hong Kong, China 1982 75.45000
## 909 Hungary 1982 69.39000
## 910 Iceland 1982 76.99000
## 911 India 1982 56.59600
## 912 Indonesia 1982 56.15900
## 913 Iran 1982 59.62000
## 914 Iraq 1982 62.03800
## 915 Ireland 1982 73.10000
## 916 Israel 1982 74.45000
## 917 Italy 1982 74.98000
## 918 Jamaica 1982 71.21000
## 919 Japan 1982 77.11000
## 920 Jordan 1982 63.73900
## 921 Kenya 1982 58.76600
## 922 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1982 69.10000
## 923 Korea, Rep. 1982 67.12300
## 924 Kuwait 1982 71.30900
## 925 Lebanon 1982 66.98300
## 926 Lesotho 1982 55.07800
## 927 Liberia 1982 44.85200
## 928 Libya 1982 62.15500
## 929 Madagascar 1982 48.96900
## 930 Malawi 1982 45.64200
## 931 Malaysia 1982 68.00000
## 932 Mali 1982 43.91600
## 933 Mauritania 1982 53.59900
## 934 Mauritius 1982 66.71100
## 935 Mexico 1982 67.40500
## 936 Mongolia 1982 57.48900
## 937 Montenegro 1982 74.10100
## 938 Morocco 1982 59.65000
## 939 Mozambique 1982 42.79500
## 940 Myanmar 1982 58.05600
## 941 Namibia 1982 58.96800
## 942 Nepal 1982 49.59400
## 943 Netherlands 1982 76.05000
## 944 New Zealand 1982 73.84000
## 945 Nicaragua 1982 59.29800
## 946 Niger 1982 42.59800
## 947 Nigeria 1982 45.82600
## 948 Norway 1982 75.97000
## 949 Oman 1982 62.72800
## 950 Pakistan 1982 56.15800
## 951 Panama 1982 70.47200
## 952 Paraguay 1982 66.87400
## 953 Peru 1982 61.40600
## 954 Philippines 1982 62.08200
## 955 Poland 1982 71.32000
## 956 Portugal 1982 72.77000
## 957 Puerto Rico 1982 73.75000
## 958 Reunion 1982 69.88500
## 959 Romania 1982 69.66000
## 960 Rwanda 1982 46.21800
## 961 Sao Tome and Principe 1982 60.35100
## 962 Saudi Arabia 1982 63.01200
## 963 Senegal 1982 52.37900
## 964 Serbia 1982 70.16200
## 965 Sierra Leone 1982 38.44500
## 966 Singapore 1982 71.76000
## 967 Slovak Republic 1982 70.80000
## 968 Slovenia 1982 71.06300
## 969 Somalia 1982 42.95500
## 970 South Africa 1982 58.16100
## 971 Spain 1982 76.30000
## 972 Sri Lanka 1982 68.75700
## 973 Sudan 1982 50.33800
## 974 Swaziland 1982 55.56100
## 975 Sweden 1982 76.42000
## 976 Switzerland 1982 76.21000
## 977 Syria 1982 64.59000
## 978 Taiwan 1982 72.16000
## 979 Tanzania 1982 50.60800
## 980 Thailand 1982 64.59700
## 981 Togo 1982 55.47100
## 982 Trinidad and Tobago 1982 68.83200
## 983 Tunisia 1982 64.04800
## 984 Turkey 1982 61.03600
## 985 Uganda 1982 49.84900
## 986 United Kingdom 1982 74.04000
## 987 United States 1982 74.65000
## 988 Uruguay 1982 70.80500
## 989 Venezuela 1982 68.55700
## 990 Vietnam 1982 58.81600
## 991 West Bank and Gaza 1982 64.40600
## 992 Yemen, Rep. 1982 49.11300
## 993 Zambia 1982 51.82100
## 994 Zimbabwe 1982 60.36300
## 995 Afghanistan 1987 40.82200
## 996 Albania 1987 72.00000
## 997 Algeria 1987 65.79900
## 998 Angola 1987 39.90600
## 999 Argentina 1987 70.77400
## 1000 Australia 1987 76.32000
## 1001 Austria 1987 74.94000
## 1002 Bahrain 1987 70.75000
## 1003 Bangladesh 1987 52.81900
## 1004 Belgium 1987 75.35000
## 1005 Benin 1987 52.33700
## 1006 Bolivia 1987 57.25100
## 1007 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1987 71.14000
## 1008 Botswana 1987 63.62200
## 1009 Brazil 1987 65.20500
## 1010 Bulgaria 1987 71.34000
## 1011 Burkina Faso 1987 49.55700
## 1012 Burundi 1987 48.21100
## 1013 Cambodia 1987 53.91400
## 1014 Cameroon 1987 54.98500
## 1015 Canada 1987 76.86000
## 1016 Central African Republic 1987 50.48500
## 1017 Chad 1987 51.05100
## 1018 Chile 1987 72.49200
## 1019 China 1987 67.27400
## 1020 Colombia 1987 67.76800
## 1021 Comoros 1987 54.92600
## 1022 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1987 47.41200
## 1023 Congo, Rep. 1987 57.47000
## 1024 Costa Rica 1987 74.75200
## 1025 Cote d'Ivoire 1987 54.65500
## 1026 Croatia 1987 71.52000
## 1027 Cuba 1987 74.17400
## 1028 Czech Republic 1987 71.58000
## 1029 Denmark 1987 74.80000
## 1030 Djibouti 1987 50.04000
## 1031 Dominican Republic 1987 66.04600
## 1032 Ecuador 1987 67.23100
## 1033 Egypt 1987 59.79700
## 1034 El Salvador 1987 63.15400
## 1035 Equatorial Guinea 1987 45.66400
## 1036 Eritrea 1987 46.45300
## 1037 Ethiopia 1987 46.68400
## 1038 Finland 1987 74.83000
## 1039 France 1987 76.34000
## 1040 Gabon 1987 60.19000
## 1041 Gambia 1987 49.26500
## 1042 Germany 1987 74.84700
## 1043 Ghana 1987 55.72900
## 1044 Greece 1987 76.67000
## 1045 Guatemala 1987 60.78200
## 1046 Guinea 1987 45.55200
## 1047 Guinea-Bissau 1987 41.24500
## 1048 Haiti 1987 53.63600
## 1049 Honduras 1987 64.49200
## 1050 Hong Kong, China 1987 76.20000
## 1051 Hungary 1987 69.58000
## 1052 Iceland 1987 77.23000
## 1053 India 1987 58.55300
## 1054 Indonesia 1987 60.13700
## 1055 Iran 1987 63.04000
## 1056 Iraq 1987 65.04400
## 1057 Ireland 1987 74.36000
## 1058 Israel 1987 75.60000
## 1059 Italy 1987 76.42000
## 1060 Jamaica 1987 71.77000
## 1061 Japan 1987 78.67000
## 1062 Jordan 1987 65.86900
## 1063 Kenya 1987 59.33900
## 1064 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1987 70.64700
## 1065 Korea, Rep. 1987 69.81000
## 1066 Kuwait 1987 74.17400
## 1067 Lebanon 1987 67.92600
## 1068 Lesotho 1987 57.18000
## 1069 Liberia 1987 46.02700
## 1070 Libya 1987 66.23400
## 1071 Madagascar 1987 49.35000
## 1072 Malawi 1987 47.45700
## 1073 Malaysia 1987 69.50000
## 1074 Mali 1987 46.36400
## 1075 Mauritania 1987 56.14500
## 1076 Mauritius 1987 68.74000
## 1077 Mexico 1987 69.49800
## 1078 Mongolia 1987 60.22200
## 1079 Montenegro 1987 74.86500
## 1080 Morocco 1987 62.67700
## 1081 Mozambique 1987 42.86100
## 1082 Myanmar 1987 58.33900
## 1083 Namibia 1987 60.83500
## 1084 Nepal 1987 52.53700
## 1085 Netherlands 1987 76.83000
## 1086 New Zealand 1987 74.32000
## 1087 Nicaragua 1987 62.00800
## 1088 Niger 1987 44.55500
## 1089 Nigeria 1987 46.88600
## 1090 Norway 1987 75.89000
## 1091 Oman 1987 67.73400
## 1092 Pakistan 1987 58.24500
## 1093 Panama 1987 71.52300
## 1094 Paraguay 1987 67.37800
## 1095 Peru 1987 64.13400
## 1096 Philippines 1987 64.15100
## 1097 Poland 1987 70.98000
## 1098 Portugal 1987 74.06000
## 1099 Puerto Rico 1987 74.63000
## 1100 Reunion 1987 71.91300
## 1101 Romania 1987 69.53000
## 1102 Rwanda 1987 44.02000
## 1103 Sao Tome and Principe 1987 61.72800
## 1104 Saudi Arabia 1987 66.29500
## 1105 Senegal 1987 55.76900
## 1106 Serbia 1987 71.21800
## 1107 Sierra Leone 1987 40.00600
## 1108 Singapore 1987 73.56000
## 1109 Slovak Republic 1987 71.08000
## 1110 Slovenia 1987 72.25000
## 1111 Somalia 1987 44.50100
## 1112 South Africa 1987 60.83400
## 1113 Spain 1987 76.90000
## 1114 Sri Lanka 1987 69.01100
## 1115 Sudan 1987 51.74400
## 1116 Swaziland 1987 57.67800
## 1117 Sweden 1987 77.19000
## 1118 Switzerland 1987 77.41000
## 1119 Syria 1987 66.97400
## 1120 Taiwan 1987 73.40000
## 1121 Tanzania 1987 51.53500
## 1122 Thailand 1987 66.08400
## 1123 Togo 1987 56.94100
## 1124 Trinidad and Tobago 1987 69.58200
## 1125 Tunisia 1987 66.89400
## 1126 Turkey 1987 63.10800
## 1127 Uganda 1987 51.50900
## 1128 United Kingdom 1987 75.00700
## 1129 United States 1987 75.02000
## 1130 Uruguay 1987 71.91800
## 1131 Venezuela 1987 70.19000
## 1132 Vietnam 1987 62.82000
## 1133 West Bank and Gaza 1987 67.04600
## 1134 Yemen, Rep. 1987 52.92200
## 1135 Zambia 1987 50.82100
## 1136 Zimbabwe 1987 62.35100
## 1137 Afghanistan 1992 41.67400
## 1138 Albania 1992 71.58100
## 1139 Algeria 1992 67.74400
## 1140 Angola 1992 40.64700
## 1141 Argentina 1992 71.86800
## 1142 Australia 1992 77.56000
## 1143 Austria 1992 76.04000
## 1144 Bahrain 1992 72.60100
## 1145 Bangladesh 1992 56.01800
## 1146 Belgium 1992 76.46000
## 1147 Benin 1992 53.91900
## 1148 Bolivia 1992 59.95700
## 1149 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992 72.17800
## 1150 Botswana 1992 62.74500
## 1151 Brazil 1992 67.05700
## 1152 Bulgaria 1992 71.19000
## 1153 Burkina Faso 1992 50.26000
## 1154 Burundi 1992 44.73600
## 1155 Cambodia 1992 55.80300
## 1156 Cameroon 1992 54.31400
## 1157 Canada 1992 77.95000
## 1158 Central African Republic 1992 49.39600
## 1159 Chad 1992 51.72400
## 1160 Chile 1992 74.12600
## 1161 China 1992 68.69000
## 1162 Colombia 1992 68.42100
## 1163 Comoros 1992 57.93900
## 1164 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1992 45.54800
## 1165 Congo, Rep. 1992 56.43300
## 1166 Costa Rica 1992 75.71300
## 1167 Cote d'Ivoire 1992 52.04400
## 1168 Croatia 1992 72.52700
## 1169 Cuba 1992 74.41400
## 1170 Czech Republic 1992 72.40000
## 1171 Denmark 1992 75.33000
## 1172 Djibouti 1992 51.60400
## 1173 Dominican Republic 1992 68.45700
## 1174 Ecuador 1992 69.61300
## 1175 Egypt 1992 63.67400
## 1176 El Salvador 1992 66.79800
## 1177 Equatorial Guinea 1992 47.54500
## 1178 Eritrea 1992 49.99100
## 1179 Ethiopia 1992 48.09100
## 1180 Finland 1992 75.70000
## 1181 France 1992 77.46000
## 1182 Gabon 1992 61.36600
## 1183 Gambia 1992 52.64400
## 1184 Germany 1992 76.07000
## 1185 Ghana 1992 57.50100
## 1186 Greece 1992 77.03000
## 1187 Guatemala 1992 63.37300
## 1188 Guinea 1992 48.57600
## 1189 Guinea-Bissau 1992 43.26600
## 1190 Haiti 1992 55.08900
## 1191 Honduras 1992 66.39900
## 1192 Hong Kong, China 1992 77.60100
## 1193 Hungary 1992 69.17000
## 1194 Iceland 1992 78.77000
## 1195 India 1992 60.22300
## 1196 Indonesia 1992 62.68100
## 1197 Iran 1992 65.74200
## 1198 Iraq 1992 59.46100
## 1199 Ireland 1992 75.46700
## 1200 Israel 1992 76.93000
## 1201 Italy 1992 77.44000
## 1202 Jamaica 1992 71.76600
## 1203 Japan 1992 79.36000
## 1204 Jordan 1992 68.01500
## 1205 Kenya 1992 59.28500
## 1206 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1992 69.97800
## 1207 Korea, Rep. 1992 72.24400
## 1208 Kuwait 1992 75.19000
## 1209 Lebanon 1992 69.29200
## 1210 Lesotho 1992 59.68500
## 1211 Liberia 1992 40.80200
## 1212 Libya 1992 68.75500
## 1213 Madagascar 1992 52.21400
## 1214 Malawi 1992 49.42000
## 1215 Malaysia 1992 70.69300
## 1216 Mali 1992 48.38800
## 1217 Mauritania 1992 58.33300
## 1218 Mauritius 1992 69.74500
## 1219 Mexico 1992 71.45500
## 1220 Mongolia 1992 61.27100
## 1221 Montenegro 1992 75.43500
## 1222 Morocco 1992 65.39300
## 1223 Mozambique 1992 44.28400
## 1224 Myanmar 1992 59.32000
## 1225 Namibia 1992 61.99900
## 1226 Nepal 1992 55.72700
## 1227 Netherlands 1992 77.42000
## 1228 New Zealand 1992 76.33000
## 1229 Nicaragua 1992 65.84300
## 1230 Niger 1992 47.39100
## 1231 Nigeria 1992 47.47200
## 1232 Norway 1992 77.32000
## 1233 Oman 1992 71.19700
## 1234 Pakistan 1992 60.83800
## 1235 Panama 1992 72.46200
## 1236 Paraguay 1992 68.22500
## 1237 Peru 1992 66.45800
## 1238 Philippines 1992 66.45800
## 1239 Poland 1992 70.99000
## 1240 Portugal 1992 74.86000
## 1241 Puerto Rico 1992 73.91100
## 1242 Reunion 1992 73.61500
## 1243 Romania 1992 69.36000
## 1244 Rwanda 1992 23.59900
## 1245 Sao Tome and Principe 1992 62.74200
## 1246 Saudi Arabia 1992 68.76800
## 1247 Senegal 1992 58.19600
## 1248 Serbia 1992 71.65900
## 1249 Sierra Leone 1992 38.33300
## 1250 Singapore 1992 75.78800
## 1251 Slovak Republic 1992 71.38000
## 1252 Slovenia 1992 73.64000
## 1253 Somalia 1992 39.65800
## 1254 South Africa 1992 61.88800
## 1255 Spain 1992 77.57000
## 1256 Sri Lanka 1992 70.37900
## 1257 Sudan 1992 53.55600
## 1258 Swaziland 1992 58.47400
## 1259 Sweden 1992 78.16000
## 1260 Switzerland 1992 78.03000
## 1261 Syria 1992 69.24900
## 1262 Taiwan 1992 74.26000
## 1263 Tanzania 1992 50.44000
## 1264 Thailand 1992 67.29800
## 1265 Togo 1992 58.06100
## 1266 Trinidad and Tobago 1992 69.86200
## 1267 Tunisia 1992 70.00100
## 1268 Turkey 1992 66.14600
## 1269 Uganda 1992 48.82500
## 1270 United Kingdom 1992 76.42000
## 1271 United States 1992 76.09000
## 1272 Uruguay 1992 72.75200
## 1273 Venezuela 1992 71.15000
## 1274 Vietnam 1992 67.66200
## 1275 West Bank and Gaza 1992 69.71800
## 1276 Yemen, Rep. 1992 55.59900
## 1277 Zambia 1992 46.10000
## 1278 Zimbabwe 1992 60.37700
## 1279 Afghanistan 1997 41.76300
## 1280 Albania 1997 72.95000
## 1281 Algeria 1997 69.15200
## 1282 Angola 1997 40.96300
## 1283 Argentina 1997 73.27500
## 1284 Australia 1997 78.83000
## 1285 Austria 1997 77.51000
## 1286 Bahrain 1997 73.92500
## 1287 Bangladesh 1997 59.41200
## 1288 Belgium 1997 77.53000
## 1289 Benin 1997 54.77700
## 1290 Bolivia 1997 62.05000
## 1291 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1997 73.24400
## 1292 Botswana 1997 52.55600
## 1293 Brazil 1997 69.38800
## 1294 Bulgaria 1997 70.32000
## 1295 Burkina Faso 1997 50.32400
## 1296 Burundi 1997 45.32600
## 1297 Cambodia 1997 56.53400
## 1298 Cameroon 1997 52.19900
## 1299 Canada 1997 78.61000
## 1300 Central African Republic 1997 46.06600
## 1301 Chad 1997 51.57300
## 1302 Chile 1997 75.81600
## 1303 China 1997 70.42600
## 1304 Colombia 1997 70.31300
## 1305 Comoros 1997 60.66000
## 1306 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1997 42.58700
## 1307 Congo, Rep. 1997 52.96200
## 1308 Costa Rica 1997 77.26000
## 1309 Cote d'Ivoire 1997 47.99100
## 1310 Croatia 1997 73.68000
## 1311 Cuba 1997 76.15100
## 1312 Czech Republic 1997 74.01000
## 1313 Denmark 1997 76.11000
## 1314 Djibouti 1997 53.15700
## 1315 Dominican Republic 1997 69.95700
## 1316 Ecuador 1997 72.31200
## 1317 Egypt 1997 67.21700
## 1318 El Salvador 1997 69.53500
## 1319 Equatorial Guinea 1997 48.24500
## 1320 Eritrea 1997 53.37800
## 1321 Ethiopia 1997 49.40200
## 1322 Finland 1997 77.13000
## 1323 France 1997 78.64000
## 1324 Gabon 1997 60.46100
## 1325 Gambia 1997 55.86100
## 1326 Germany 1997 77.34000
## 1327 Ghana 1997 58.55600
## 1328 Greece 1997 77.86900
## 1329 Guatemala 1997 66.32200
## 1330 Guinea 1997 51.45500
## 1331 Guinea-Bissau 1997 44.87300
## 1332 Haiti 1997 56.67100
## 1333 Honduras 1997 67.65900
## 1334 Hong Kong, China 1997 80.00000
## 1335 Hungary 1997 71.04000
## 1336 Iceland 1997 78.95000
## 1337 India 1997 61.76500
## 1338 Indonesia 1997 66.04100
## 1339 Iran 1997 68.04200
## 1340 Iraq 1997 58.81100
## 1341 Ireland 1997 76.12200
## 1342 Israel 1997 78.26900
## 1343 Italy 1997 78.82000
## 1344 Jamaica 1997 72.26200
## 1345 Japan 1997 80.69000
## 1346 Jordan 1997 69.77200
## 1347 Kenya 1997 54.40700
## 1348 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1997 67.72700
## 1349 Korea, Rep. 1997 74.64700
## 1350 Kuwait 1997 76.15600
## 1351 Lebanon 1997 70.26500
## 1352 Lesotho 1997 55.55800
## 1353 Liberia 1997 42.22100
## 1354 Libya 1997 71.55500
## 1355 Madagascar 1997 54.97800
## 1356 Malawi 1997 47.49500
## 1357 Malaysia 1997 71.93800
## 1358 Mali 1997 49.90300
## 1359 Mauritania 1997 60.43000
## 1360 Mauritius 1997 70.73600
## 1361 Mexico 1997 73.67000
## 1362 Mongolia 1997 63.62500
## 1363 Montenegro 1997 75.44500
## 1364 Morocco 1997 67.66000
## 1365 Mozambique 1997 46.34400
## 1366 Myanmar 1997 60.32800
## 1367 Namibia 1997 58.90900
## 1368 Nepal 1997 59.42600
## 1369 Netherlands 1997 78.03000
## 1370 New Zealand 1997 77.55000
## 1371 Nicaragua 1997 68.42600
## 1372 Niger 1997 51.31300
## 1373 Nigeria 1997 47.46400
## 1374 Norway 1997 78.32000
## 1375 Oman 1997 72.49900
## 1376 Pakistan 1997 61.81800
## 1377 Panama 1997 73.73800
## 1378 Paraguay 1997 69.40000
## 1379 Peru 1997 68.38600
## 1380 Philippines 1997 68.56400
## 1381 Poland 1997 72.75000
## 1382 Portugal 1997 75.97000
## 1383 Puerto Rico 1997 74.91700
## 1384 Reunion 1997 74.77200
## 1385 Romania 1997 69.72000
## 1386 Rwanda 1997 36.08700
## 1387 Sao Tome and Principe 1997 63.30600
## 1388 Saudi Arabia 1997 70.53300
## 1389 Senegal 1997 60.18700
## 1390 Serbia 1997 72.23200
## 1391 Sierra Leone 1997 39.89700
## 1392 Singapore 1997 77.15800
## 1393 Slovak Republic 1997 72.71000
## 1394 Slovenia 1997 75.13000
## 1395 Somalia 1997 43.79500
## 1396 South Africa 1997 60.23600
## 1397 Spain 1997 78.77000
## 1398 Sri Lanka 1997 70.45700
## 1399 Sudan 1997 55.37300
## 1400 Swaziland 1997 54.28900
## 1401 Sweden 1997 79.39000
## 1402 Switzerland 1997 79.37000
## 1403 Syria 1997 71.52700
## 1404 Taiwan 1997 75.25000
## 1405 Tanzania 1997 48.46600
## 1406 Thailand 1997 67.52100
## 1407 Togo 1997 58.39000
## 1408 Trinidad and Tobago 1997 69.46500
## 1409 Tunisia 1997 71.97300
## 1410 Turkey 1997 68.83500
## 1411 Uganda 1997 44.57800
## 1412 United Kingdom 1997 77.21800
## 1413 United States 1997 76.81000
## 1414 Uruguay 1997 74.22300
## 1415 Venezuela 1997 72.14600
## 1416 Vietnam 1997 70.67200
## 1417 West Bank and Gaza 1997 71.09600
## 1418 Yemen, Rep. 1997 58.02000
## 1419 Zambia 1997 40.23800
## 1420 Zimbabwe 1997 46.80900
## 1421 Afghanistan 2002 42.12900
## 1422 Albania 2002 75.65100
## 1423 Algeria 2002 70.99400
## 1424 Angola 2002 41.00300
## 1425 Argentina 2002 74.34000
## 1426 Australia 2002 80.37000
## 1427 Austria 2002 78.98000
## 1428 Bahrain 2002 74.79500
## 1429 Bangladesh 2002 62.01300
## 1430 Belgium 2002 78.32000
## 1431 Benin 2002 54.40600
## 1432 Bolivia 2002 63.88300
## 1433 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 74.09000
## 1434 Botswana 2002 46.63400
## 1435 Brazil 2002 71.00600
## 1436 Bulgaria 2002 72.14000
## 1437 Burkina Faso 2002 50.65000
## 1438 Burundi 2002 47.36000
## 1439 Cambodia 2002 56.75200
## 1440 Cameroon 2002 49.85600
## 1441 Canada 2002 79.77000
## 1442 Central African Republic 2002 43.30800
## 1443 Chad 2002 50.52500
## 1444 Chile 2002 77.86000
## 1445 China 2002 72.02800
## 1446 Colombia 2002 71.68200
## 1447 Comoros 2002 62.97400
## 1448 Congo, Dem. Rep. 2002 44.96600
## 1449 Congo, Rep. 2002 52.97000
## 1450 Costa Rica 2002 78.12300
## 1451 Cote d'Ivoire 2002 46.83200
## 1452 Croatia 2002 74.87600
## 1453 Cuba 2002 77.15800
## 1454 Czech Republic 2002 75.51000
## 1455 Denmark 2002 77.18000
## 1456 Djibouti 2002 53.37300
## 1457 Dominican Republic 2002 70.84700
## 1458 Ecuador 2002 74.17300
## 1459 Egypt 2002 69.80600
## 1460 El Salvador 2002 70.73400
## 1461 Equatorial Guinea 2002 49.34800
## 1462 Eritrea 2002 55.24000
## 1463 Ethiopia 2002 50.72500
## 1464 Finland 2002 78.37000
## 1465 France 2002 79.59000
## 1466 Gabon 2002 56.76100
## 1467 Gambia 2002 58.04100
## 1468 Germany 2002 78.67000
## 1469 Ghana 2002 58.45300
## 1470 Greece 2002 78.25600
## 1471 Guatemala 2002 68.97800
## 1472 Guinea 2002 53.67600
## 1473 Guinea-Bissau 2002 45.50400
## 1474 Haiti 2002 58.13700
## 1475 Honduras 2002 68.56500
## 1476 Hong Kong, China 2002 81.49500
## 1477 Hungary 2002 72.59000
## 1478 Iceland 2002 80.50000
## 1479 India 2002 62.87900
## 1480 Indonesia 2002 68.58800
## 1481 Iran 2002 69.45100
## 1482 Iraq 2002 57.04600
## 1483 Ireland 2002 77.78300
## 1484 Israel 2002 79.69600
## 1485 Italy 2002 80.24000
## 1486 Jamaica 2002 72.04700
## 1487 Japan 2002 82.00000
## 1488 Jordan 2002 71.26300
## 1489 Kenya 2002 50.99200
## 1490 Korea, Dem. Rep. 2002 66.66200
## 1491 Korea, Rep. 2002 77.04500
## 1492 Kuwait 2002 76.90400
## 1493 Lebanon 2002 71.02800
## 1494 Lesotho 2002 44.59300
## 1495 Liberia 2002 43.75300
## 1496 Libya 2002 72.73700
## 1497 Madagascar 2002 57.28600
## 1498 Malawi 2002 45.00900
## 1499 Malaysia 2002 73.04400
## 1500 Mali 2002 51.81800
## 1501 Mauritania 2002 62.24700
## 1502 Mauritius 2002 71.95400
## 1503 Mexico 2002 74.90200
## 1504 Mongolia 2002 65.03300
## 1505 Montenegro 2002 73.98100
## 1506 Morocco 2002 69.61500
## 1507 Mozambique 2002 44.02600
## 1508 Myanmar 2002 59.90800
## 1509 Namibia 2002 51.47900
## 1510 Nepal 2002 61.34000
## 1511 Netherlands 2002 78.53000
## 1512 New Zealand 2002 79.11000
## 1513 Nicaragua 2002 70.83600
## 1514 Niger 2002 54.49600
## 1515 Nigeria 2002 46.60800
## 1516 Norway 2002 79.05000
## 1517 Oman 2002 74.19300
## 1518 Pakistan 2002 63.61000
## 1519 Panama 2002 74.71200
## 1520 Paraguay 2002 70.75500
## 1521 Peru 2002 69.90600
## 1522 Philippines 2002 70.30300
## 1523 Poland 2002 74.67000
## 1524 Portugal 2002 77.29000
## 1525 Puerto Rico 2002 77.77800
## 1526 Reunion 2002 75.74400
## 1527 Romania 2002 71.32200
## 1528 Rwanda 2002 43.41300
## 1529 Sao Tome and Principe 2002 64.33700
## 1530 Saudi Arabia 2002 71.62600
## 1531 Senegal 2002 61.60000
## 1532 Serbia 2002 73.21300
## 1533 Sierra Leone 2002 41.01200
## 1534 Singapore 2002 78.77000
## 1535 Slovak Republic 2002 73.80000
## 1536 Slovenia 2002 76.66000
## 1537 Somalia 2002 45.93600
## 1538 South Africa 2002 53.36500
## 1539 Spain 2002 79.78000
## 1540 Sri Lanka 2002 70.81500
## 1541 Sudan 2002 56.36900
## 1542 Swaziland 2002 43.86900
## 1543 Sweden 2002 80.04000
## 1544 Switzerland 2002 80.62000
## 1545 Syria 2002 73.05300
## 1546 Taiwan 2002 76.99000
## 1547 Tanzania 2002 49.65100
## 1548 Thailand 2002 68.56400
## 1549 Togo 2002 57.56100
## 1550 Trinidad and Tobago 2002 68.97600
## 1551 Tunisia 2002 73.04200
## 1552 Turkey 2002 70.84500
## 1553 Uganda 2002 47.81300
## 1554 United Kingdom 2002 78.47100
## 1555 United States 2002 77.31000
## 1556 Uruguay 2002 75.30700
## 1557 Venezuela 2002 72.76600
## 1558 Vietnam 2002 73.01700
## 1559 West Bank and Gaza 2002 72.37000
## 1560 Yemen, Rep. 2002 60.30800
## 1561 Zambia 2002 39.19300
## 1562 Zimbabwe 2002 39.98900
## 1563 Afghanistan 2007 43.82800
## 1564 Albania 2007 76.42300
## 1565 Algeria 2007 72.30100
## 1566 Angola 2007 42.73100
## 1567 Argentina 2007 75.32000
## 1568 Australia 2007 81.23500
## 1569 Austria 2007 79.82900
## 1570 Bahrain 2007 75.63500
## 1571 Bangladesh 2007 64.06200
## 1572 Belgium 2007 79.44100
## 1573 Benin 2007 56.72800
## 1574 Bolivia 2007 65.55400
## 1575 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2007 74.85200
## 1576 Botswana 2007 50.72800
## 1577 Brazil 2007 72.39000
## 1578 Bulgaria 2007 73.00500
## 1579 Burkina Faso 2007 52.29500
## 1580 Burundi 2007 49.58000
## 1581 Cambodia 2007 59.72300
## 1582 Cameroon 2007 50.43000
## 1583 Canada 2007 80.65300
## 1584 Central African Republic 2007 44.74100
## 1585 Chad 2007 50.65100
## 1586 Chile 2007 78.55300
## 1587 China 2007 72.96100
## 1588 Colombia 2007 72.88900
## 1589 Comoros 2007 65.15200
## 1590 Congo, Dem. Rep. 2007 46.46200
## 1591 Congo, Rep. 2007 55.32200
## 1592 Costa Rica 2007 78.78200
## 1593 Cote d'Ivoire 2007 48.32800
## 1594 Croatia 2007 75.74800
## 1595 Cuba 2007 78.27300
## 1596 Czech Republic 2007 76.48600
## 1597 Denmark 2007 78.33200
## 1598 Djibouti 2007 54.79100
## 1599 Dominican Republic 2007 72.23500
## 1600 Ecuador 2007 74.99400
## 1601 Egypt 2007 71.33800
## 1602 El Salvador 2007 71.87800
## 1603 Equatorial Guinea 2007 51.57900
## 1604 Eritrea 2007 58.04000
## 1605 Ethiopia 2007 52.94700
## 1606 Finland 2007 79.31300
## 1607 France 2007 80.65700
## 1608 Gabon 2007 56.73500
## 1609 Gambia 2007 59.44800
## 1610 Germany 2007 79.40600
## 1611 Ghana 2007 60.02200
## 1612 Greece 2007 79.48300
## 1613 Guatemala 2007 70.25900
## 1614 Guinea 2007 56.00700
## 1615 Guinea-Bissau 2007 46.38800
## 1616 Haiti 2007 60.91600
## 1617 Honduras 2007 70.19800
## 1618 Hong Kong, China 2007 82.20800
## 1619 Hungary 2007 73.33800
## 1620 Iceland 2007 81.75700
## 1621 India 2007 64.69800
## 1622 Indonesia 2007 70.65000
## 1623 Iran 2007 70.96400
## 1624 Iraq 2007 59.54500
## 1625 Ireland 2007 78.88500
## 1626 Israel 2007 80.74500
## 1627 Italy 2007 80.54600
## 1628 Jamaica 2007 72.56700
## 1629 Japan 2007 82.60300
## 1630 Jordan 2007 72.53500
## 1631 Kenya 2007 54.11000
## 1632 Korea, Dem. Rep. 2007 67.29700
## 1633 Korea, Rep. 2007 78.62300
## 1634 Kuwait 2007 77.58800
## 1635 Lebanon 2007 71.99300
## 1636 Lesotho 2007 42.59200
## 1637 Liberia 2007 45.67800
## 1638 Libya 2007 73.95200
## 1639 Madagascar 2007 59.44300
## 1640 Malawi 2007 48.30300
## 1641 Malaysia 2007 74.24100
## 1642 Mali 2007 54.46700
## 1643 Mauritania 2007 64.16400
## 1644 Mauritius 2007 72.80100
## 1645 Mexico 2007 76.19500
## 1646 Mongolia 2007 66.80300
## 1647 Montenegro 2007 74.54300
## 1648 Morocco 2007 71.16400
## 1649 Mozambique 2007 42.08200
## 1650 Myanmar 2007 62.06900
## 1651 Namibia 2007 52.90600
## 1652 Nepal 2007 63.78500
## 1653 Netherlands 2007 79.76200
## 1654 New Zealand 2007 80.20400
## 1655 Nicaragua 2007 72.89900
## 1656 Niger 2007 56.86700
## 1657 Nigeria 2007 46.85900
## 1658 Norway 2007 80.19600
## 1659 Oman 2007 75.64000
## 1660 Pakistan 2007 65.48300
## 1661 Panama 2007 75.53700
## 1662 Paraguay 2007 71.75200
## 1663 Peru 2007 71.42100
## 1664 Philippines 2007 71.68800
## 1665 Poland 2007 75.56300
## 1666 Portugal 2007 78.09800
## 1667 Puerto Rico 2007 78.74600
## 1668 Reunion 2007 76.44200
## 1669 Romania 2007 72.47600
## 1670 Rwanda 2007 46.24200
## 1671 Sao Tome and Principe 2007 65.52800
## 1672 Saudi Arabia 2007 72.77700
## 1673 Senegal 2007 63.06200
## 1674 Serbia 2007 74.00200
## 1675 Sierra Leone 2007 42.56800
## 1676 Singapore 2007 79.97200
## 1677 Slovak Republic 2007 74.66300
## 1678 Slovenia 2007 77.92600
## 1679 Somalia 2007 48.15900
## 1680 South Africa 2007 49.33900
## 1681 Spain 2007 80.94100
## 1682 Sri Lanka 2007 72.39600
## 1683 Sudan 2007 58.55600
## 1684 Swaziland 2007 39.61300
## 1685 Sweden 2007 80.88400
## 1686 Switzerland 2007 81.70100
## 1687 Syria 2007 74.14300
## 1688 Taiwan 2007 78.40000
## 1689 Tanzania 2007 52.51700
## 1690 Thailand 2007 70.61600
## 1691 Togo 2007 58.42000
## 1692 Trinidad and Tobago 2007 69.81900
## 1693 Tunisia 2007 73.92300
## 1694 Turkey 2007 71.77700
## 1695 Uganda 2007 51.54200
## 1696 United Kingdom 2007 79.42500
## 1697 United States 2007 78.24200
## 1698 Uruguay 2007 76.38400
## 1699 Venezuela 2007 73.74700
## 1700 Vietnam 2007 74.24900
## 1701 West Bank and Gaza 2007 73.42200
## 1702 Yemen, Rep. 2007 62.69800
## 1703 Zambia 2007 42.38400
## 1704 Zimbabwe 2007 43.48700Spread and Gather
library(gapminder)
library(tidyverse)## ── Attaching packages ─────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse 1.3.1 ──## ✓ ggplot2 3.3.5 ✓ purrr 0.3.4
## ✓ tibble 3.1.2 ✓ stringr 1.4.0
## ✓ tidyr 1.1.3 ✓ forcats 0.5.1
## ✓ readr 1.4.0## ── Conflicts ────────────────────────────────────────── tidyverse_conflicts() ──
## x dplyr::filter() masks stats::filter()
## x dplyr::lag() masks stats::lag()df <- select(gapminder, country, year, lifeExp)
#Long to wide format:
df_wide_1 <- df %>% spread(year, lifeExp)
df_wide_1## # A tibble: 142 x 13
## country `1952` `1957` `1962` `1967` `1972` `1977` `1982` `1987` `1992` `1997`
## <fct> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl> <dbl>
## 1 Afghan… 28.8 30.3 32.0 34.0 36.1 38.4 39.9 40.8 41.7 41.8
## 2 Albania 55.2 59.3 64.8 66.2 67.7 68.9 70.4 72 71.6 73.0
## 3 Algeria 43.1 45.7 48.3 51.4 54.5 58.0 61.4 65.8 67.7 69.2
## 4 Angola 30.0 32.0 34 36.0 37.9 39.5 39.9 39.9 40.6 41.0
## 5 Argent… 62.5 64.4 65.1 65.6 67.1 68.5 69.9 70.8 71.9 73.3
## 6 Austra… 69.1 70.3 70.9 71.1 71.9 73.5 74.7 76.3 77.6 78.8
## 7 Austria 66.8 67.5 69.5 70.1 70.6 72.2 73.2 74.9 76.0 77.5
## 8 Bahrain 50.9 53.8 56.9 59.9 63.3 65.6 69.1 70.8 72.6 73.9
## 9 Bangla… 37.5 39.3 41.2 43.5 45.3 46.9 50.0 52.8 56.0 59.4
## 10 Belgium 68 69.2 70.2 70.9 71.4 72.8 73.9 75.4 76.5 77.5
## # … with 132 more rows, and 2 more variables: 2002 <dbl>, 2007 <dbl>#Wide to long format:
df_long_1 <- gather(df_wide, key = "year", value ="lifeExp", 2:13)
df_long_1## country year lifeExp
## 1 Afghanistan 1952 28.80100
## 2 Albania 1952 55.23000
## 3 Algeria 1952 43.07700
## 4 Angola 1952 30.01500
## 5 Argentina 1952 62.48500
## 6 Australia 1952 69.12000
## 7 Austria 1952 66.80000
## 8 Bahrain 1952 50.93900
## 9 Bangladesh 1952 37.48400
## 10 Belgium 1952 68.00000
## 11 Benin 1952 38.22300
## 12 Bolivia 1952 40.41400
## 13 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1952 53.82000
## 14 Botswana 1952 47.62200
## 15 Brazil 1952 50.91700
## 16 Bulgaria 1952 59.60000
## 17 Burkina Faso 1952 31.97500
## 18 Burundi 1952 39.03100
## 19 Cambodia 1952 39.41700
## 20 Cameroon 1952 38.52300
## 21 Canada 1952 68.75000
## 22 Central African Republic 1952 35.46300
## 23 Chad 1952 38.09200
## 24 Chile 1952 54.74500
## 25 China 1952 44.00000
## 26 Colombia 1952 50.64300
## 27 Comoros 1952 40.71500
## 28 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1952 39.14300
## 29 Congo, Rep. 1952 42.11100
## 30 Costa Rica 1952 57.20600
## 31 Cote d'Ivoire 1952 40.47700
## 32 Croatia 1952 61.21000
## 33 Cuba 1952 59.42100
## 34 Czech Republic 1952 66.87000
## 35 Denmark 1952 70.78000
## 36 Djibouti 1952 34.81200
## 37 Dominican Republic 1952 45.92800
## 38 Ecuador 1952 48.35700
## 39 Egypt 1952 41.89300
## 40 El Salvador 1952 45.26200
## 41 Equatorial Guinea 1952 34.48200
## 42 Eritrea 1952 35.92800
## 43 Ethiopia 1952 34.07800
## 44 Finland 1952 66.55000
## 45 France 1952 67.41000
## 46 Gabon 1952 37.00300
## 47 Gambia 1952 30.00000
## 48 Germany 1952 67.50000
## 49 Ghana 1952 43.14900
## 50 Greece 1952 65.86000
## 51 Guatemala 1952 42.02300
## 52 Guinea 1952 33.60900
## 53 Guinea-Bissau 1952 32.50000
## 54 Haiti 1952 37.57900
## 55 Honduras 1952 41.91200
## 56 Hong Kong, China 1952 60.96000
## 57 Hungary 1952 64.03000
## 58 Iceland 1952 72.49000
## 59 India 1952 37.37300
## 60 Indonesia 1952 37.46800
## 61 Iran 1952 44.86900
## 62 Iraq 1952 45.32000
## 63 Ireland 1952 66.91000
## 64 Israel 1952 65.39000
## 65 Italy 1952 65.94000
## 66 Jamaica 1952 58.53000
## 67 Japan 1952 63.03000
## 68 Jordan 1952 43.15800
## 69 Kenya 1952 42.27000
## 70 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1952 50.05600
## 71 Korea, Rep. 1952 47.45300
## 72 Kuwait 1952 55.56500
## 73 Lebanon 1952 55.92800
## 74 Lesotho 1952 42.13800
## 75 Liberia 1952 38.48000
## 76 Libya 1952 42.72300
## 77 Madagascar 1952 36.68100
## 78 Malawi 1952 36.25600
## 79 Malaysia 1952 48.46300
## 80 Mali 1952 33.68500
## 81 Mauritania 1952 40.54300
## 82 Mauritius 1952 50.98600
## 83 Mexico 1952 50.78900
## 84 Mongolia 1952 42.24400
## 85 Montenegro 1952 59.16400
## 86 Morocco 1952 42.87300
## 87 Mozambique 1952 31.28600
## 88 Myanmar 1952 36.31900
## 89 Namibia 1952 41.72500
## 90 Nepal 1952 36.15700
## 91 Netherlands 1952 72.13000
## 92 New Zealand 1952 69.39000
## 93 Nicaragua 1952 42.31400
## 94 Niger 1952 37.44400
## 95 Nigeria 1952 36.32400
## 96 Norway 1952 72.67000
## 97 Oman 1952 37.57800
## 98 Pakistan 1952 43.43600
## 99 Panama 1952 55.19100
## 100 Paraguay 1952 62.64900
## 101 Peru 1952 43.90200
## 102 Philippines 1952 47.75200
## 103 Poland 1952 61.31000
## 104 Portugal 1952 59.82000
## 105 Puerto Rico 1952 64.28000
## 106 Reunion 1952 52.72400
## 107 Romania 1952 61.05000
## 108 Rwanda 1952 40.00000
## 109 Sao Tome and Principe 1952 46.47100
## 110 Saudi Arabia 1952 39.87500
## 111 Senegal 1952 37.27800
## 112 Serbia 1952 57.99600
## 113 Sierra Leone 1952 30.33100
## 114 Singapore 1952 60.39600
## 115 Slovak Republic 1952 64.36000
## 116 Slovenia 1952 65.57000
## 117 Somalia 1952 32.97800
## 118 South Africa 1952 45.00900
## 119 Spain 1952 64.94000
## 120 Sri Lanka 1952 57.59300
## 121 Sudan 1952 38.63500
## 122 Swaziland 1952 41.40700
## 123 Sweden 1952 71.86000
## 124 Switzerland 1952 69.62000
## 125 Syria 1952 45.88300
## 126 Taiwan 1952 58.50000
## 127 Tanzania 1952 41.21500
## 128 Thailand 1952 50.84800
## 129 Togo 1952 38.59600
## 130 Trinidad and Tobago 1952 59.10000
## 131 Tunisia 1952 44.60000
## 132 Turkey 1952 43.58500
## 133 Uganda 1952 39.97800
## 134 United Kingdom 1952 69.18000
## 135 United States 1952 68.44000
## 136 Uruguay 1952 66.07100
## 137 Venezuela 1952 55.08800
## 138 Vietnam 1952 40.41200
## 139 West Bank and Gaza 1952 43.16000
## 140 Yemen, Rep. 1952 32.54800
## 141 Zambia 1952 42.03800
## 142 Zimbabwe 1952 48.45100
## 143 Afghanistan 1957 30.33200
## 144 Albania 1957 59.28000
## 145 Algeria 1957 45.68500
## 146 Angola 1957 31.99900
## 147 Argentina 1957 64.39900
## 148 Australia 1957 70.33000
## 149 Austria 1957 67.48000
## 150 Bahrain 1957 53.83200
## 151 Bangladesh 1957 39.34800
## 152 Belgium 1957 69.24000
## 153 Benin 1957 40.35800
## 154 Bolivia 1957 41.89000
## 155 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1957 58.45000
## 156 Botswana 1957 49.61800
## 157 Brazil 1957 53.28500
## 158 Bulgaria 1957 66.61000
## 159 Burkina Faso 1957 34.90600
## 160 Burundi 1957 40.53300
## 161 Cambodia 1957 41.36600
## 162 Cameroon 1957 40.42800
## 163 Canada 1957 69.96000
## 164 Central African Republic 1957 37.46400
## 165 Chad 1957 39.88100
## 166 Chile 1957 56.07400
## 167 China 1957 50.54896
## 168 Colombia 1957 55.11800
## 169 Comoros 1957 42.46000
## 170 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1957 40.65200
## 171 Congo, Rep. 1957 45.05300
## 172 Costa Rica 1957 60.02600
## 173 Cote d'Ivoire 1957 42.46900
## 174 Croatia 1957 64.77000
## 175 Cuba 1957 62.32500
## 176 Czech Republic 1957 69.03000
## 177 Denmark 1957 71.81000
## 178 Djibouti 1957 37.32800
## 179 Dominican Republic 1957 49.82800
## 180 Ecuador 1957 51.35600
## 181 Egypt 1957 44.44400
## 182 El Salvador 1957 48.57000
## 183 Equatorial Guinea 1957 35.98300
## 184 Eritrea 1957 38.04700
## 185 Ethiopia 1957 36.66700
## 186 Finland 1957 67.49000
## 187 France 1957 68.93000
## 188 Gabon 1957 38.99900
## 189 Gambia 1957 32.06500
## 190 Germany 1957 69.10000
## 191 Ghana 1957 44.77900
## 192 Greece 1957 67.86000
## 193 Guatemala 1957 44.14200
## 194 Guinea 1957 34.55800
## 195 Guinea-Bissau 1957 33.48900
## 196 Haiti 1957 40.69600
## 197 Honduras 1957 44.66500
## 198 Hong Kong, China 1957 64.75000
## 199 Hungary 1957 66.41000
## 200 Iceland 1957 73.47000
## 201 India 1957 40.24900
## 202 Indonesia 1957 39.91800
## 203 Iran 1957 47.18100
## 204 Iraq 1957 48.43700
## 205 Ireland 1957 68.90000
## 206 Israel 1957 67.84000
## 207 Italy 1957 67.81000
## 208 Jamaica 1957 62.61000
## 209 Japan 1957 65.50000
## 210 Jordan 1957 45.66900
## 211 Kenya 1957 44.68600
## 212 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1957 54.08100
## 213 Korea, Rep. 1957 52.68100
## 214 Kuwait 1957 58.03300
## 215 Lebanon 1957 59.48900
## 216 Lesotho 1957 45.04700
## 217 Liberia 1957 39.48600
## 218 Libya 1957 45.28900
## 219 Madagascar 1957 38.86500
## 220 Malawi 1957 37.20700
## 221 Malaysia 1957 52.10200
## 222 Mali 1957 35.30700
## 223 Mauritania 1957 42.33800
## 224 Mauritius 1957 58.08900
## 225 Mexico 1957 55.19000
## 226 Mongolia 1957 45.24800
## 227 Montenegro 1957 61.44800
## 228 Morocco 1957 45.42300
## 229 Mozambique 1957 33.77900
## 230 Myanmar 1957 41.90500
## 231 Namibia 1957 45.22600
## 232 Nepal 1957 37.68600
## 233 Netherlands 1957 72.99000
## 234 New Zealand 1957 70.26000
## 235 Nicaragua 1957 45.43200
## 236 Niger 1957 38.59800
## 237 Nigeria 1957 37.80200
## 238 Norway 1957 73.44000
## 239 Oman 1957 40.08000
## 240 Pakistan 1957 45.55700
## 241 Panama 1957 59.20100
## 242 Paraguay 1957 63.19600
## 243 Peru 1957 46.26300
## 244 Philippines 1957 51.33400
## 245 Poland 1957 65.77000
## 246 Portugal 1957 61.51000
## 247 Puerto Rico 1957 68.54000
## 248 Reunion 1957 55.09000
## 249 Romania 1957 64.10000
## 250 Rwanda 1957 41.50000
## 251 Sao Tome and Principe 1957 48.94500
## 252 Saudi Arabia 1957 42.86800
## 253 Senegal 1957 39.32900
## 254 Serbia 1957 61.68500
## 255 Sierra Leone 1957 31.57000
## 256 Singapore 1957 63.17900
## 257 Slovak Republic 1957 67.45000
## 258 Slovenia 1957 67.85000
## 259 Somalia 1957 34.97700
## 260 South Africa 1957 47.98500
## 261 Spain 1957 66.66000
## 262 Sri Lanka 1957 61.45600
## 263 Sudan 1957 39.62400
## 264 Swaziland 1957 43.42400
## 265 Sweden 1957 72.49000
## 266 Switzerland 1957 70.56000
## 267 Syria 1957 48.28400
## 268 Taiwan 1957 62.40000
## 269 Tanzania 1957 42.97400
## 270 Thailand 1957 53.63000
## 271 Togo 1957 41.20800
## 272 Trinidad and Tobago 1957 61.80000
## 273 Tunisia 1957 47.10000
## 274 Turkey 1957 48.07900
## 275 Uganda 1957 42.57100
## 276 United Kingdom 1957 70.42000
## 277 United States 1957 69.49000
## 278 Uruguay 1957 67.04400
## 279 Venezuela 1957 57.90700
## 280 Vietnam 1957 42.88700
## 281 West Bank and Gaza 1957 45.67100
## 282 Yemen, Rep. 1957 33.97000
## 283 Zambia 1957 44.07700
## 284 Zimbabwe 1957 50.46900
## 285 Afghanistan 1962 31.99700
## 286 Albania 1962 64.82000
## 287 Algeria 1962 48.30300
## 288 Angola 1962 34.00000
## 289 Argentina 1962 65.14200
## 290 Australia 1962 70.93000
## 291 Austria 1962 69.54000
## 292 Bahrain 1962 56.92300
## 293 Bangladesh 1962 41.21600
## 294 Belgium 1962 70.25000
## 295 Benin 1962 42.61800
## 296 Bolivia 1962 43.42800
## 297 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1962 61.93000
## 298 Botswana 1962 51.52000
## 299 Brazil 1962 55.66500
## 300 Bulgaria 1962 69.51000
## 301 Burkina Faso 1962 37.81400
## 302 Burundi 1962 42.04500
## 303 Cambodia 1962 43.41500
## 304 Cameroon 1962 42.64300
## 305 Canada 1962 71.30000
## 306 Central African Republic 1962 39.47500
## 307 Chad 1962 41.71600
## 308 Chile 1962 57.92400
## 309 China 1962 44.50136
## 310 Colombia 1962 57.86300
## 311 Comoros 1962 44.46700
## 312 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1962 42.12200
## 313 Congo, Rep. 1962 48.43500
## 314 Costa Rica 1962 62.84200
## 315 Cote d'Ivoire 1962 44.93000
## 316 Croatia 1962 67.13000
## 317 Cuba 1962 65.24600
## 318 Czech Republic 1962 69.90000
## 319 Denmark 1962 72.35000
## 320 Djibouti 1962 39.69300
## 321 Dominican Republic 1962 53.45900
## 322 Ecuador 1962 54.64000
## 323 Egypt 1962 46.99200
## 324 El Salvador 1962 52.30700
## 325 Equatorial Guinea 1962 37.48500
## 326 Eritrea 1962 40.15800
## 327 Ethiopia 1962 40.05900
## 328 Finland 1962 68.75000
## 329 France 1962 70.51000
## 330 Gabon 1962 40.48900
## 331 Gambia 1962 33.89600
## 332 Germany 1962 70.30000
## 333 Ghana 1962 46.45200
## 334 Greece 1962 69.51000
## 335 Guatemala 1962 46.95400
## 336 Guinea 1962 35.75300
## 337 Guinea-Bissau 1962 34.48800
## 338 Haiti 1962 43.59000
## 339 Honduras 1962 48.04100
## 340 Hong Kong, China 1962 67.65000
## 341 Hungary 1962 67.96000
## 342 Iceland 1962 73.68000
## 343 India 1962 43.60500
## 344 Indonesia 1962 42.51800
## 345 Iran 1962 49.32500
## 346 Iraq 1962 51.45700
## 347 Ireland 1962 70.29000
## 348 Israel 1962 69.39000
## 349 Italy 1962 69.24000
## 350 Jamaica 1962 65.61000
## 351 Japan 1962 68.73000
## 352 Jordan 1962 48.12600
## 353 Kenya 1962 47.94900
## 354 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1962 56.65600
## 355 Korea, Rep. 1962 55.29200
## 356 Kuwait 1962 60.47000
## 357 Lebanon 1962 62.09400
## 358 Lesotho 1962 47.74700
## 359 Liberia 1962 40.50200
## 360 Libya 1962 47.80800
## 361 Madagascar 1962 40.84800
## 362 Malawi 1962 38.41000
## 363 Malaysia 1962 55.73700
## 364 Mali 1962 36.93600
## 365 Mauritania 1962 44.24800
## 366 Mauritius 1962 60.24600
## 367 Mexico 1962 58.29900
## 368 Mongolia 1962 48.25100
## 369 Montenegro 1962 63.72800
## 370 Morocco 1962 47.92400
## 371 Mozambique 1962 36.16100
## 372 Myanmar 1962 45.10800
## 373 Namibia 1962 48.38600
## 374 Nepal 1962 39.39300
## 375 Netherlands 1962 73.23000
## 376 New Zealand 1962 71.24000
## 377 Nicaragua 1962 48.63200
## 378 Niger 1962 39.48700
## 379 Nigeria 1962 39.36000
## 380 Norway 1962 73.47000
## 381 Oman 1962 43.16500
## 382 Pakistan 1962 47.67000
## 383 Panama 1962 61.81700
## 384 Paraguay 1962 64.36100
## 385 Peru 1962 49.09600
## 386 Philippines 1962 54.75700
## 387 Poland 1962 67.64000
## 388 Portugal 1962 64.39000
## 389 Puerto Rico 1962 69.62000
## 390 Reunion 1962 57.66600
## 391 Romania 1962 66.80000
## 392 Rwanda 1962 43.00000
## 393 Sao Tome and Principe 1962 51.89300
## 394 Saudi Arabia 1962 45.91400
## 395 Senegal 1962 41.45400
## 396 Serbia 1962 64.53100
## 397 Sierra Leone 1962 32.76700
## 398 Singapore 1962 65.79800
## 399 Slovak Republic 1962 70.33000
## 400 Slovenia 1962 69.15000
## 401 Somalia 1962 36.98100
## 402 South Africa 1962 49.95100
## 403 Spain 1962 69.69000
## 404 Sri Lanka 1962 62.19200
## 405 Sudan 1962 40.87000
## 406 Swaziland 1962 44.99200
## 407 Sweden 1962 73.37000
## 408 Switzerland 1962 71.32000
## 409 Syria 1962 50.30500
## 410 Taiwan 1962 65.20000
## 411 Tanzania 1962 44.24600
## 412 Thailand 1962 56.06100
## 413 Togo 1962 43.92200
## 414 Trinidad and Tobago 1962 64.90000
## 415 Tunisia 1962 49.57900
## 416 Turkey 1962 52.09800
## 417 Uganda 1962 45.34400
## 418 United Kingdom 1962 70.76000
## 419 United States 1962 70.21000
## 420 Uruguay 1962 68.25300
## 421 Venezuela 1962 60.77000
## 422 Vietnam 1962 45.36300
## 423 West Bank and Gaza 1962 48.12700
## 424 Yemen, Rep. 1962 35.18000
## 425 Zambia 1962 46.02300
## 426 Zimbabwe 1962 52.35800
## 427 Afghanistan 1967 34.02000
## 428 Albania 1967 66.22000
## 429 Algeria 1967 51.40700
## 430 Angola 1967 35.98500
## 431 Argentina 1967 65.63400
## 432 Australia 1967 71.10000
## 433 Austria 1967 70.14000
## 434 Bahrain 1967 59.92300
## 435 Bangladesh 1967 43.45300
## 436 Belgium 1967 70.94000
## 437 Benin 1967 44.88500
## 438 Bolivia 1967 45.03200
## 439 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1967 64.79000
## 440 Botswana 1967 53.29800
## 441 Brazil 1967 57.63200
## 442 Bulgaria 1967 70.42000
## 443 Burkina Faso 1967 40.69700
## 444 Burundi 1967 43.54800
## 445 Cambodia 1967 45.41500
## 446 Cameroon 1967 44.79900
## 447 Canada 1967 72.13000
## 448 Central African Republic 1967 41.47800
## 449 Chad 1967 43.60100
## 450 Chile 1967 60.52300
## 451 China 1967 58.38112
## 452 Colombia 1967 59.96300
## 453 Comoros 1967 46.47200
## 454 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1967 44.05600
## 455 Congo, Rep. 1967 52.04000
## 456 Costa Rica 1967 65.42400
## 457 Cote d'Ivoire 1967 47.35000
## 458 Croatia 1967 68.50000
## 459 Cuba 1967 68.29000
## 460 Czech Republic 1967 70.38000
## 461 Denmark 1967 72.96000
## 462 Djibouti 1967 42.07400
## 463 Dominican Republic 1967 56.75100
## 464 Ecuador 1967 56.67800
## 465 Egypt 1967 49.29300
## 466 El Salvador 1967 55.85500
## 467 Equatorial Guinea 1967 38.98700
## 468 Eritrea 1967 42.18900
## 469 Ethiopia 1967 42.11500
## 470 Finland 1967 69.83000
## 471 France 1967 71.55000
## 472 Gabon 1967 44.59800
## 473 Gambia 1967 35.85700
## 474 Germany 1967 70.80000
## 475 Ghana 1967 48.07200
## 476 Greece 1967 71.00000
## 477 Guatemala 1967 50.01600
## 478 Guinea 1967 37.19700
## 479 Guinea-Bissau 1967 35.49200
## 480 Haiti 1967 46.24300
## 481 Honduras 1967 50.92400
## 482 Hong Kong, China 1967 70.00000
## 483 Hungary 1967 69.50000
## 484 Iceland 1967 73.73000
## 485 India 1967 47.19300
## 486 Indonesia 1967 45.96400
## 487 Iran 1967 52.46900
## 488 Iraq 1967 54.45900
## 489 Ireland 1967 71.08000
## 490 Israel 1967 70.75000
## 491 Italy 1967 71.06000
## 492 Jamaica 1967 67.51000
## 493 Japan 1967 71.43000
## 494 Jordan 1967 51.62900
## 495 Kenya 1967 50.65400
## 496 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1967 59.94200
## 497 Korea, Rep. 1967 57.71600
## 498 Kuwait 1967 64.62400
## 499 Lebanon 1967 63.87000
## 500 Lesotho 1967 48.49200
## 501 Liberia 1967 41.53600
## 502 Libya 1967 50.22700
## 503 Madagascar 1967 42.88100
## 504 Malawi 1967 39.48700
## 505 Malaysia 1967 59.37100
## 506 Mali 1967 38.48700
## 507 Mauritania 1967 46.28900
## 508 Mauritius 1967 61.55700
## 509 Mexico 1967 60.11000
## 510 Mongolia 1967 51.25300
## 511 Montenegro 1967 67.17800
## 512 Morocco 1967 50.33500
## 513 Mozambique 1967 38.11300
## 514 Myanmar 1967 49.37900
## 515 Namibia 1967 51.15900
## 516 Nepal 1967 41.47200
## 517 Netherlands 1967 73.82000
## 518 New Zealand 1967 71.52000
## 519 Nicaragua 1967 51.88400
## 520 Niger 1967 40.11800
## 521 Nigeria 1967 41.04000
## 522 Norway 1967 74.08000
## 523 Oman 1967 46.98800
## 524 Pakistan 1967 49.80000
## 525 Panama 1967 64.07100
## 526 Paraguay 1967 64.95100
## 527 Peru 1967 51.44500
## 528 Philippines 1967 56.39300
## 529 Poland 1967 69.61000
## 530 Portugal 1967 66.60000
## 531 Puerto Rico 1967 71.10000
## 532 Reunion 1967 60.54200
## 533 Romania 1967 66.80000
## 534 Rwanda 1967 44.10000
## 535 Sao Tome and Principe 1967 54.42500
## 536 Saudi Arabia 1967 49.90100
## 537 Senegal 1967 43.56300
## 538 Serbia 1967 66.91400
## 539 Sierra Leone 1967 34.11300
## 540 Singapore 1967 67.94600
## 541 Slovak Republic 1967 70.98000
## 542 Slovenia 1967 69.18000
## 543 Somalia 1967 38.97700
## 544 South Africa 1967 51.92700
## 545 Spain 1967 71.44000
## 546 Sri Lanka 1967 64.26600
## 547 Sudan 1967 42.85800
## 548 Swaziland 1967 46.63300
## 549 Sweden 1967 74.16000
## 550 Switzerland 1967 72.77000
## 551 Syria 1967 53.65500
## 552 Taiwan 1967 67.50000
## 553 Tanzania 1967 45.75700
## 554 Thailand 1967 58.28500
## 555 Togo 1967 46.76900
## 556 Trinidad and Tobago 1967 65.40000
## 557 Tunisia 1967 52.05300
## 558 Turkey 1967 54.33600
## 559 Uganda 1967 48.05100
## 560 United Kingdom 1967 71.36000
## 561 United States 1967 70.76000
## 562 Uruguay 1967 68.46800
## 563 Venezuela 1967 63.47900
## 564 Vietnam 1967 47.83800
## 565 West Bank and Gaza 1967 51.63100
## 566 Yemen, Rep. 1967 36.98400
## 567 Zambia 1967 47.76800
## 568 Zimbabwe 1967 53.99500
## 569 Afghanistan 1972 36.08800
## 570 Albania 1972 67.69000
## 571 Algeria 1972 54.51800
## 572 Angola 1972 37.92800
## 573 Argentina 1972 67.06500
## 574 Australia 1972 71.93000
## 575 Austria 1972 70.63000
## 576 Bahrain 1972 63.30000
## 577 Bangladesh 1972 45.25200
## 578 Belgium 1972 71.44000
## 579 Benin 1972 47.01400
## 580 Bolivia 1972 46.71400
## 581 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1972 67.45000
## 582 Botswana 1972 56.02400
## 583 Brazil 1972 59.50400
## 584 Bulgaria 1972 70.90000
## 585 Burkina Faso 1972 43.59100
## 586 Burundi 1972 44.05700
## 587 Cambodia 1972 40.31700
## 588 Cameroon 1972 47.04900
## 589 Canada 1972 72.88000
## 590 Central African Republic 1972 43.45700
## 591 Chad 1972 45.56900
## 592 Chile 1972 63.44100
## 593 China 1972 63.11888
## 594 Colombia 1972 61.62300
## 595 Comoros 1972 48.94400
## 596 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1972 45.98900
## 597 Congo, Rep. 1972 54.90700
## 598 Costa Rica 1972 67.84900
## 599 Cote d'Ivoire 1972 49.80100
## 600 Croatia 1972 69.61000
## 601 Cuba 1972 70.72300
## 602 Czech Republic 1972 70.29000
## 603 Denmark 1972 73.47000
## 604 Djibouti 1972 44.36600
## 605 Dominican Republic 1972 59.63100
## 606 Ecuador 1972 58.79600
## 607 Egypt 1972 51.13700
## 608 El Salvador 1972 58.20700
## 609 Equatorial Guinea 1972 40.51600
## 610 Eritrea 1972 44.14200
## 611 Ethiopia 1972 43.51500
## 612 Finland 1972 70.87000
## 613 France 1972 72.38000
## 614 Gabon 1972 48.69000
## 615 Gambia 1972 38.30800
## 616 Germany 1972 71.00000
## 617 Ghana 1972 49.87500
## 618 Greece 1972 72.34000
## 619 Guatemala 1972 53.73800
## 620 Guinea 1972 38.84200
## 621 Guinea-Bissau 1972 36.48600
## 622 Haiti 1972 48.04200
## 623 Honduras 1972 53.88400
## 624 Hong Kong, China 1972 72.00000
## 625 Hungary 1972 69.76000
## 626 Iceland 1972 74.46000
## 627 India 1972 50.65100
## 628 Indonesia 1972 49.20300
## 629 Iran 1972 55.23400
## 630 Iraq 1972 56.95000
## 631 Ireland 1972 71.28000
## 632 Israel 1972 71.63000
## 633 Italy 1972 72.19000
## 634 Jamaica 1972 69.00000
## 635 Japan 1972 73.42000
## 636 Jordan 1972 56.52800
## 637 Kenya 1972 53.55900
## 638 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1972 63.98300
## 639 Korea, Rep. 1972 62.61200
## 640 Kuwait 1972 67.71200
## 641 Lebanon 1972 65.42100
## 642 Lesotho 1972 49.76700
## 643 Liberia 1972 42.61400
## 644 Libya 1972 52.77300
## 645 Madagascar 1972 44.85100
## 646 Malawi 1972 41.76600
## 647 Malaysia 1972 63.01000
## 648 Mali 1972 39.97700
## 649 Mauritania 1972 48.43700
## 650 Mauritius 1972 62.94400
## 651 Mexico 1972 62.36100
## 652 Mongolia 1972 53.75400
## 653 Montenegro 1972 70.63600
## 654 Morocco 1972 52.86200
## 655 Mozambique 1972 40.32800
## 656 Myanmar 1972 53.07000
## 657 Namibia 1972 53.86700
## 658 Nepal 1972 43.97100
## 659 Netherlands 1972 73.75000
## 660 New Zealand 1972 71.89000
## 661 Nicaragua 1972 55.15100
## 662 Niger 1972 40.54600
## 663 Nigeria 1972 42.82100
## 664 Norway 1972 74.34000
## 665 Oman 1972 52.14300
## 666 Pakistan 1972 51.92900
## 667 Panama 1972 66.21600
## 668 Paraguay 1972 65.81500
## 669 Peru 1972 55.44800
## 670 Philippines 1972 58.06500
## 671 Poland 1972 70.85000
## 672 Portugal 1972 69.26000
## 673 Puerto Rico 1972 72.16000
## 674 Reunion 1972 64.27400
## 675 Romania 1972 69.21000
## 676 Rwanda 1972 44.60000
## 677 Sao Tome and Principe 1972 56.48000
## 678 Saudi Arabia 1972 53.88600
## 679 Senegal 1972 45.81500
## 680 Serbia 1972 68.70000
## 681 Sierra Leone 1972 35.40000
## 682 Singapore 1972 69.52100
## 683 Slovak Republic 1972 70.35000
## 684 Slovenia 1972 69.82000
## 685 Somalia 1972 40.97300
## 686 South Africa 1972 53.69600
## 687 Spain 1972 73.06000
## 688 Sri Lanka 1972 65.04200
## 689 Sudan 1972 45.08300
## 690 Swaziland 1972 49.55200
## 691 Sweden 1972 74.72000
## 692 Switzerland 1972 73.78000
## 693 Syria 1972 57.29600
## 694 Taiwan 1972 69.39000
## 695 Tanzania 1972 47.62000
## 696 Thailand 1972 60.40500
## 697 Togo 1972 49.75900
## 698 Trinidad and Tobago 1972 65.90000
## 699 Tunisia 1972 55.60200
## 700 Turkey 1972 57.00500
## 701 Uganda 1972 51.01600
## 702 United Kingdom 1972 72.01000
## 703 United States 1972 71.34000
## 704 Uruguay 1972 68.67300
## 705 Venezuela 1972 65.71200
## 706 Vietnam 1972 50.25400
## 707 West Bank and Gaza 1972 56.53200
## 708 Yemen, Rep. 1972 39.84800
## 709 Zambia 1972 50.10700
## 710 Zimbabwe 1972 55.63500
## 711 Afghanistan 1977 38.43800
## 712 Albania 1977 68.93000
## 713 Algeria 1977 58.01400
## 714 Angola 1977 39.48300
## 715 Argentina 1977 68.48100
## 716 Australia 1977 73.49000
## 717 Austria 1977 72.17000
## 718 Bahrain 1977 65.59300
## 719 Bangladesh 1977 46.92300
## 720 Belgium 1977 72.80000
## 721 Benin 1977 49.19000
## 722 Bolivia 1977 50.02300
## 723 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1977 69.86000
## 724 Botswana 1977 59.31900
## 725 Brazil 1977 61.48900
## 726 Bulgaria 1977 70.81000
## 727 Burkina Faso 1977 46.13700
## 728 Burundi 1977 45.91000
## 729 Cambodia 1977 31.22000
## 730 Cameroon 1977 49.35500
## 731 Canada 1977 74.21000
## 732 Central African Republic 1977 46.77500
## 733 Chad 1977 47.38300
## 734 Chile 1977 67.05200
## 735 China 1977 63.96736
## 736 Colombia 1977 63.83700
## 737 Comoros 1977 50.93900
## 738 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1977 47.80400
## 739 Congo, Rep. 1977 55.62500
## 740 Costa Rica 1977 70.75000
## 741 Cote d'Ivoire 1977 52.37400
## 742 Croatia 1977 70.64000
## 743 Cuba 1977 72.64900
## 744 Czech Republic 1977 70.71000
## 745 Denmark 1977 74.69000
## 746 Djibouti 1977 46.51900
## 747 Dominican Republic 1977 61.78800
## 748 Ecuador 1977 61.31000
## 749 Egypt 1977 53.31900
## 750 El Salvador 1977 56.69600
## 751 Equatorial Guinea 1977 42.02400
## 752 Eritrea 1977 44.53500
## 753 Ethiopia 1977 44.51000
## 754 Finland 1977 72.52000
## 755 France 1977 73.83000
## 756 Gabon 1977 52.79000
## 757 Gambia 1977 41.84200
## 758 Germany 1977 72.50000
## 759 Ghana 1977 51.75600
## 760 Greece 1977 73.68000
## 761 Guatemala 1977 56.02900
## 762 Guinea 1977 40.76200
## 763 Guinea-Bissau 1977 37.46500
## 764 Haiti 1977 49.92300
## 765 Honduras 1977 57.40200
## 766 Hong Kong, China 1977 73.60000
## 767 Hungary 1977 69.95000
## 768 Iceland 1977 76.11000
## 769 India 1977 54.20800
## 770 Indonesia 1977 52.70200
## 771 Iran 1977 57.70200
## 772 Iraq 1977 60.41300
## 773 Ireland 1977 72.03000
## 774 Israel 1977 73.06000
## 775 Italy 1977 73.48000
## 776 Jamaica 1977 70.11000
## 777 Japan 1977 75.38000
## 778 Jordan 1977 61.13400
## 779 Kenya 1977 56.15500
## 780 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1977 67.15900
## 781 Korea, Rep. 1977 64.76600
## 782 Kuwait 1977 69.34300
## 783 Lebanon 1977 66.09900
## 784 Lesotho 1977 52.20800
## 785 Liberia 1977 43.76400
## 786 Libya 1977 57.44200
## 787 Madagascar 1977 46.88100
## 788 Malawi 1977 43.76700
## 789 Malaysia 1977 65.25600
## 790 Mali 1977 41.71400
## 791 Mauritania 1977 50.85200
## 792 Mauritius 1977 64.93000
## 793 Mexico 1977 65.03200
## 794 Mongolia 1977 55.49100
## 795 Montenegro 1977 73.06600
## 796 Morocco 1977 55.73000
## 797 Mozambique 1977 42.49500
## 798 Myanmar 1977 56.05900
## 799 Namibia 1977 56.43700
## 800 Nepal 1977 46.74800
## 801 Netherlands 1977 75.24000
## 802 New Zealand 1977 72.22000
## 803 Nicaragua 1977 57.47000
## 804 Niger 1977 41.29100
## 805 Nigeria 1977 44.51400
## 806 Norway 1977 75.37000
## 807 Oman 1977 57.36700
## 808 Pakistan 1977 54.04300
## 809 Panama 1977 68.68100
## 810 Paraguay 1977 66.35300
## 811 Peru 1977 58.44700
## 812 Philippines 1977 60.06000
## 813 Poland 1977 70.67000
## 814 Portugal 1977 70.41000
## 815 Puerto Rico 1977 73.44000
## 816 Reunion 1977 67.06400
## 817 Romania 1977 69.46000
## 818 Rwanda 1977 45.00000
## 819 Sao Tome and Principe 1977 58.55000
## 820 Saudi Arabia 1977 58.69000
## 821 Senegal 1977 48.87900
## 822 Serbia 1977 70.30000
## 823 Sierra Leone 1977 36.78800
## 824 Singapore 1977 70.79500
## 825 Slovak Republic 1977 70.45000
## 826 Slovenia 1977 70.97000
## 827 Somalia 1977 41.97400
## 828 South Africa 1977 55.52700
## 829 Spain 1977 74.39000
## 830 Sri Lanka 1977 65.94900
## 831 Sudan 1977 47.80000
## 832 Swaziland 1977 52.53700
## 833 Sweden 1977 75.44000
## 834 Switzerland 1977 75.39000
## 835 Syria 1977 61.19500
## 836 Taiwan 1977 70.59000
## 837 Tanzania 1977 49.91900
## 838 Thailand 1977 62.49400
## 839 Togo 1977 52.88700
## 840 Trinidad and Tobago 1977 68.30000
## 841 Tunisia 1977 59.83700
## 842 Turkey 1977 59.50700
## 843 Uganda 1977 50.35000
## 844 United Kingdom 1977 72.76000
## 845 United States 1977 73.38000
## 846 Uruguay 1977 69.48100
## 847 Venezuela 1977 67.45600
## 848 Vietnam 1977 55.76400
## 849 West Bank and Gaza 1977 60.76500
## 850 Yemen, Rep. 1977 44.17500
## 851 Zambia 1977 51.38600
## 852 Zimbabwe 1977 57.67400
## 853 Afghanistan 1982 39.85400
## 854 Albania 1982 70.42000
## 855 Algeria 1982 61.36800
## 856 Angola 1982 39.94200
## 857 Argentina 1982 69.94200
## 858 Australia 1982 74.74000
## 859 Austria 1982 73.18000
## 860 Bahrain 1982 69.05200
## 861 Bangladesh 1982 50.00900
## 862 Belgium 1982 73.93000
## 863 Benin 1982 50.90400
## 864 Bolivia 1982 53.85900
## 865 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1982 70.69000
## 866 Botswana 1982 61.48400
## 867 Brazil 1982 63.33600
## 868 Bulgaria 1982 71.08000
## 869 Burkina Faso 1982 48.12200
## 870 Burundi 1982 47.47100
## 871 Cambodia 1982 50.95700
## 872 Cameroon 1982 52.96100
## 873 Canada 1982 75.76000
## 874 Central African Republic 1982 48.29500
## 875 Chad 1982 49.51700
## 876 Chile 1982 70.56500
## 877 China 1982 65.52500
## 878 Colombia 1982 66.65300
## 879 Comoros 1982 52.93300
## 880 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1982 47.78400
## 881 Congo, Rep. 1982 56.69500
## 882 Costa Rica 1982 73.45000
## 883 Cote d'Ivoire 1982 53.98300
## 884 Croatia 1982 70.46000
## 885 Cuba 1982 73.71700
## 886 Czech Republic 1982 70.96000
## 887 Denmark 1982 74.63000
## 888 Djibouti 1982 48.81200
## 889 Dominican Republic 1982 63.72700
## 890 Ecuador 1982 64.34200
## 891 Egypt 1982 56.00600
## 892 El Salvador 1982 56.60400
## 893 Equatorial Guinea 1982 43.66200
## 894 Eritrea 1982 43.89000
## 895 Ethiopia 1982 44.91600
## 896 Finland 1982 74.55000
## 897 France 1982 74.89000
## 898 Gabon 1982 56.56400
## 899 Gambia 1982 45.58000
## 900 Germany 1982 73.80000
## 901 Ghana 1982 53.74400
## 902 Greece 1982 75.24000
## 903 Guatemala 1982 58.13700
## 904 Guinea 1982 42.89100
## 905 Guinea-Bissau 1982 39.32700
## 906 Haiti 1982 51.46100
## 907 Honduras 1982 60.90900
## 908 Hong Kong, China 1982 75.45000
## 909 Hungary 1982 69.39000
## 910 Iceland 1982 76.99000
## 911 India 1982 56.59600
## 912 Indonesia 1982 56.15900
## 913 Iran 1982 59.62000
## 914 Iraq 1982 62.03800
## 915 Ireland 1982 73.10000
## 916 Israel 1982 74.45000
## 917 Italy 1982 74.98000
## 918 Jamaica 1982 71.21000
## 919 Japan 1982 77.11000
## 920 Jordan 1982 63.73900
## 921 Kenya 1982 58.76600
## 922 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1982 69.10000
## 923 Korea, Rep. 1982 67.12300
## 924 Kuwait 1982 71.30900
## 925 Lebanon 1982 66.98300
## 926 Lesotho 1982 55.07800
## 927 Liberia 1982 44.85200
## 928 Libya 1982 62.15500
## 929 Madagascar 1982 48.96900
## 930 Malawi 1982 45.64200
## 931 Malaysia 1982 68.00000
## 932 Mali 1982 43.91600
## 933 Mauritania 1982 53.59900
## 934 Mauritius 1982 66.71100
## 935 Mexico 1982 67.40500
## 936 Mongolia 1982 57.48900
## 937 Montenegro 1982 74.10100
## 938 Morocco 1982 59.65000
## 939 Mozambique 1982 42.79500
## 940 Myanmar 1982 58.05600
## 941 Namibia 1982 58.96800
## 942 Nepal 1982 49.59400
## 943 Netherlands 1982 76.05000
## 944 New Zealand 1982 73.84000
## 945 Nicaragua 1982 59.29800
## 946 Niger 1982 42.59800
## 947 Nigeria 1982 45.82600
## 948 Norway 1982 75.97000
## 949 Oman 1982 62.72800
## 950 Pakistan 1982 56.15800
## 951 Panama 1982 70.47200
## 952 Paraguay 1982 66.87400
## 953 Peru 1982 61.40600
## 954 Philippines 1982 62.08200
## 955 Poland 1982 71.32000
## 956 Portugal 1982 72.77000
## 957 Puerto Rico 1982 73.75000
## 958 Reunion 1982 69.88500
## 959 Romania 1982 69.66000
## 960 Rwanda 1982 46.21800
## 961 Sao Tome and Principe 1982 60.35100
## 962 Saudi Arabia 1982 63.01200
## 963 Senegal 1982 52.37900
## 964 Serbia 1982 70.16200
## 965 Sierra Leone 1982 38.44500
## 966 Singapore 1982 71.76000
## 967 Slovak Republic 1982 70.80000
## 968 Slovenia 1982 71.06300
## 969 Somalia 1982 42.95500
## 970 South Africa 1982 58.16100
## 971 Spain 1982 76.30000
## 972 Sri Lanka 1982 68.75700
## 973 Sudan 1982 50.33800
## 974 Swaziland 1982 55.56100
## 975 Sweden 1982 76.42000
## 976 Switzerland 1982 76.21000
## 977 Syria 1982 64.59000
## 978 Taiwan 1982 72.16000
## 979 Tanzania 1982 50.60800
## 980 Thailand 1982 64.59700
## 981 Togo 1982 55.47100
## 982 Trinidad and Tobago 1982 68.83200
## 983 Tunisia 1982 64.04800
## 984 Turkey 1982 61.03600
## 985 Uganda 1982 49.84900
## 986 United Kingdom 1982 74.04000
## 987 United States 1982 74.65000
## 988 Uruguay 1982 70.80500
## 989 Venezuela 1982 68.55700
## 990 Vietnam 1982 58.81600
## 991 West Bank and Gaza 1982 64.40600
## 992 Yemen, Rep. 1982 49.11300
## 993 Zambia 1982 51.82100
## 994 Zimbabwe 1982 60.36300
## 995 Afghanistan 1987 40.82200
## 996 Albania 1987 72.00000
## 997 Algeria 1987 65.79900
## 998 Angola 1987 39.90600
## 999 Argentina 1987 70.77400
## 1000 Australia 1987 76.32000
## 1001 Austria 1987 74.94000
## 1002 Bahrain 1987 70.75000
## 1003 Bangladesh 1987 52.81900
## 1004 Belgium 1987 75.35000
## 1005 Benin 1987 52.33700
## 1006 Bolivia 1987 57.25100
## 1007 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1987 71.14000
## 1008 Botswana 1987 63.62200
## 1009 Brazil 1987 65.20500
## 1010 Bulgaria 1987 71.34000
## 1011 Burkina Faso 1987 49.55700
## 1012 Burundi 1987 48.21100
## 1013 Cambodia 1987 53.91400
## 1014 Cameroon 1987 54.98500
## 1015 Canada 1987 76.86000
## 1016 Central African Republic 1987 50.48500
## 1017 Chad 1987 51.05100
## 1018 Chile 1987 72.49200
## 1019 China 1987 67.27400
## 1020 Colombia 1987 67.76800
## 1021 Comoros 1987 54.92600
## 1022 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1987 47.41200
## 1023 Congo, Rep. 1987 57.47000
## 1024 Costa Rica 1987 74.75200
## 1025 Cote d'Ivoire 1987 54.65500
## 1026 Croatia 1987 71.52000
## 1027 Cuba 1987 74.17400
## 1028 Czech Republic 1987 71.58000
## 1029 Denmark 1987 74.80000
## 1030 Djibouti 1987 50.04000
## 1031 Dominican Republic 1987 66.04600
## 1032 Ecuador 1987 67.23100
## 1033 Egypt 1987 59.79700
## 1034 El Salvador 1987 63.15400
## 1035 Equatorial Guinea 1987 45.66400
## 1036 Eritrea 1987 46.45300
## 1037 Ethiopia 1987 46.68400
## 1038 Finland 1987 74.83000
## 1039 France 1987 76.34000
## 1040 Gabon 1987 60.19000
## 1041 Gambia 1987 49.26500
## 1042 Germany 1987 74.84700
## 1043 Ghana 1987 55.72900
## 1044 Greece 1987 76.67000
## 1045 Guatemala 1987 60.78200
## 1046 Guinea 1987 45.55200
## 1047 Guinea-Bissau 1987 41.24500
## 1048 Haiti 1987 53.63600
## 1049 Honduras 1987 64.49200
## 1050 Hong Kong, China 1987 76.20000
## 1051 Hungary 1987 69.58000
## 1052 Iceland 1987 77.23000
## 1053 India 1987 58.55300
## 1054 Indonesia 1987 60.13700
## 1055 Iran 1987 63.04000
## 1056 Iraq 1987 65.04400
## 1057 Ireland 1987 74.36000
## 1058 Israel 1987 75.60000
## 1059 Italy 1987 76.42000
## 1060 Jamaica 1987 71.77000
## 1061 Japan 1987 78.67000
## 1062 Jordan 1987 65.86900
## 1063 Kenya 1987 59.33900
## 1064 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1987 70.64700
## 1065 Korea, Rep. 1987 69.81000
## 1066 Kuwait 1987 74.17400
## 1067 Lebanon 1987 67.92600
## 1068 Lesotho 1987 57.18000
## 1069 Liberia 1987 46.02700
## 1070 Libya 1987 66.23400
## 1071 Madagascar 1987 49.35000
## 1072 Malawi 1987 47.45700
## 1073 Malaysia 1987 69.50000
## 1074 Mali 1987 46.36400
## 1075 Mauritania 1987 56.14500
## 1076 Mauritius 1987 68.74000
## 1077 Mexico 1987 69.49800
## 1078 Mongolia 1987 60.22200
## 1079 Montenegro 1987 74.86500
## 1080 Morocco 1987 62.67700
## 1081 Mozambique 1987 42.86100
## 1082 Myanmar 1987 58.33900
## 1083 Namibia 1987 60.83500
## 1084 Nepal 1987 52.53700
## 1085 Netherlands 1987 76.83000
## 1086 New Zealand 1987 74.32000
## 1087 Nicaragua 1987 62.00800
## 1088 Niger 1987 44.55500
## 1089 Nigeria 1987 46.88600
## 1090 Norway 1987 75.89000
## 1091 Oman 1987 67.73400
## 1092 Pakistan 1987 58.24500
## 1093 Panama 1987 71.52300
## 1094 Paraguay 1987 67.37800
## 1095 Peru 1987 64.13400
## 1096 Philippines 1987 64.15100
## 1097 Poland 1987 70.98000
## 1098 Portugal 1987 74.06000
## 1099 Puerto Rico 1987 74.63000
## 1100 Reunion 1987 71.91300
## 1101 Romania 1987 69.53000
## 1102 Rwanda 1987 44.02000
## 1103 Sao Tome and Principe 1987 61.72800
## 1104 Saudi Arabia 1987 66.29500
## 1105 Senegal 1987 55.76900
## 1106 Serbia 1987 71.21800
## 1107 Sierra Leone 1987 40.00600
## 1108 Singapore 1987 73.56000
## 1109 Slovak Republic 1987 71.08000
## 1110 Slovenia 1987 72.25000
## 1111 Somalia 1987 44.50100
## 1112 South Africa 1987 60.83400
## 1113 Spain 1987 76.90000
## 1114 Sri Lanka 1987 69.01100
## 1115 Sudan 1987 51.74400
## 1116 Swaziland 1987 57.67800
## 1117 Sweden 1987 77.19000
## 1118 Switzerland 1987 77.41000
## 1119 Syria 1987 66.97400
## 1120 Taiwan 1987 73.40000
## 1121 Tanzania 1987 51.53500
## 1122 Thailand 1987 66.08400
## 1123 Togo 1987 56.94100
## 1124 Trinidad and Tobago 1987 69.58200
## 1125 Tunisia 1987 66.89400
## 1126 Turkey 1987 63.10800
## 1127 Uganda 1987 51.50900
## 1128 United Kingdom 1987 75.00700
## 1129 United States 1987 75.02000
## 1130 Uruguay 1987 71.91800
## 1131 Venezuela 1987 70.19000
## 1132 Vietnam 1987 62.82000
## 1133 West Bank and Gaza 1987 67.04600
## 1134 Yemen, Rep. 1987 52.92200
## 1135 Zambia 1987 50.82100
## 1136 Zimbabwe 1987 62.35100
## 1137 Afghanistan 1992 41.67400
## 1138 Albania 1992 71.58100
## 1139 Algeria 1992 67.74400
## 1140 Angola 1992 40.64700
## 1141 Argentina 1992 71.86800
## 1142 Australia 1992 77.56000
## 1143 Austria 1992 76.04000
## 1144 Bahrain 1992 72.60100
## 1145 Bangladesh 1992 56.01800
## 1146 Belgium 1992 76.46000
## 1147 Benin 1992 53.91900
## 1148 Bolivia 1992 59.95700
## 1149 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1992 72.17800
## 1150 Botswana 1992 62.74500
## 1151 Brazil 1992 67.05700
## 1152 Bulgaria 1992 71.19000
## 1153 Burkina Faso 1992 50.26000
## 1154 Burundi 1992 44.73600
## 1155 Cambodia 1992 55.80300
## 1156 Cameroon 1992 54.31400
## 1157 Canada 1992 77.95000
## 1158 Central African Republic 1992 49.39600
## 1159 Chad 1992 51.72400
## 1160 Chile 1992 74.12600
## 1161 China 1992 68.69000
## 1162 Colombia 1992 68.42100
## 1163 Comoros 1992 57.93900
## 1164 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1992 45.54800
## 1165 Congo, Rep. 1992 56.43300
## 1166 Costa Rica 1992 75.71300
## 1167 Cote d'Ivoire 1992 52.04400
## 1168 Croatia 1992 72.52700
## 1169 Cuba 1992 74.41400
## 1170 Czech Republic 1992 72.40000
## 1171 Denmark 1992 75.33000
## 1172 Djibouti 1992 51.60400
## 1173 Dominican Republic 1992 68.45700
## 1174 Ecuador 1992 69.61300
## 1175 Egypt 1992 63.67400
## 1176 El Salvador 1992 66.79800
## 1177 Equatorial Guinea 1992 47.54500
## 1178 Eritrea 1992 49.99100
## 1179 Ethiopia 1992 48.09100
## 1180 Finland 1992 75.70000
## 1181 France 1992 77.46000
## 1182 Gabon 1992 61.36600
## 1183 Gambia 1992 52.64400
## 1184 Germany 1992 76.07000
## 1185 Ghana 1992 57.50100
## 1186 Greece 1992 77.03000
## 1187 Guatemala 1992 63.37300
## 1188 Guinea 1992 48.57600
## 1189 Guinea-Bissau 1992 43.26600
## 1190 Haiti 1992 55.08900
## 1191 Honduras 1992 66.39900
## 1192 Hong Kong, China 1992 77.60100
## 1193 Hungary 1992 69.17000
## 1194 Iceland 1992 78.77000
## 1195 India 1992 60.22300
## 1196 Indonesia 1992 62.68100
## 1197 Iran 1992 65.74200
## 1198 Iraq 1992 59.46100
## 1199 Ireland 1992 75.46700
## 1200 Israel 1992 76.93000
## 1201 Italy 1992 77.44000
## 1202 Jamaica 1992 71.76600
## 1203 Japan 1992 79.36000
## 1204 Jordan 1992 68.01500
## 1205 Kenya 1992 59.28500
## 1206 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1992 69.97800
## 1207 Korea, Rep. 1992 72.24400
## 1208 Kuwait 1992 75.19000
## 1209 Lebanon 1992 69.29200
## 1210 Lesotho 1992 59.68500
## 1211 Liberia 1992 40.80200
## 1212 Libya 1992 68.75500
## 1213 Madagascar 1992 52.21400
## 1214 Malawi 1992 49.42000
## 1215 Malaysia 1992 70.69300
## 1216 Mali 1992 48.38800
## 1217 Mauritania 1992 58.33300
## 1218 Mauritius 1992 69.74500
## 1219 Mexico 1992 71.45500
## 1220 Mongolia 1992 61.27100
## 1221 Montenegro 1992 75.43500
## 1222 Morocco 1992 65.39300
## 1223 Mozambique 1992 44.28400
## 1224 Myanmar 1992 59.32000
## 1225 Namibia 1992 61.99900
## 1226 Nepal 1992 55.72700
## 1227 Netherlands 1992 77.42000
## 1228 New Zealand 1992 76.33000
## 1229 Nicaragua 1992 65.84300
## 1230 Niger 1992 47.39100
## 1231 Nigeria 1992 47.47200
## 1232 Norway 1992 77.32000
## 1233 Oman 1992 71.19700
## 1234 Pakistan 1992 60.83800
## 1235 Panama 1992 72.46200
## 1236 Paraguay 1992 68.22500
## 1237 Peru 1992 66.45800
## 1238 Philippines 1992 66.45800
## 1239 Poland 1992 70.99000
## 1240 Portugal 1992 74.86000
## 1241 Puerto Rico 1992 73.91100
## 1242 Reunion 1992 73.61500
## 1243 Romania 1992 69.36000
## 1244 Rwanda 1992 23.59900
## 1245 Sao Tome and Principe 1992 62.74200
## 1246 Saudi Arabia 1992 68.76800
## 1247 Senegal 1992 58.19600
## 1248 Serbia 1992 71.65900
## 1249 Sierra Leone 1992 38.33300
## 1250 Singapore 1992 75.78800
## 1251 Slovak Republic 1992 71.38000
## 1252 Slovenia 1992 73.64000
## 1253 Somalia 1992 39.65800
## 1254 South Africa 1992 61.88800
## 1255 Spain 1992 77.57000
## 1256 Sri Lanka 1992 70.37900
## 1257 Sudan 1992 53.55600
## 1258 Swaziland 1992 58.47400
## 1259 Sweden 1992 78.16000
## 1260 Switzerland 1992 78.03000
## 1261 Syria 1992 69.24900
## 1262 Taiwan 1992 74.26000
## 1263 Tanzania 1992 50.44000
## 1264 Thailand 1992 67.29800
## 1265 Togo 1992 58.06100
## 1266 Trinidad and Tobago 1992 69.86200
## 1267 Tunisia 1992 70.00100
## 1268 Turkey 1992 66.14600
## 1269 Uganda 1992 48.82500
## 1270 United Kingdom 1992 76.42000
## 1271 United States 1992 76.09000
## 1272 Uruguay 1992 72.75200
## 1273 Venezuela 1992 71.15000
## 1274 Vietnam 1992 67.66200
## 1275 West Bank and Gaza 1992 69.71800
## 1276 Yemen, Rep. 1992 55.59900
## 1277 Zambia 1992 46.10000
## 1278 Zimbabwe 1992 60.37700
## 1279 Afghanistan 1997 41.76300
## 1280 Albania 1997 72.95000
## 1281 Algeria 1997 69.15200
## 1282 Angola 1997 40.96300
## 1283 Argentina 1997 73.27500
## 1284 Australia 1997 78.83000
## 1285 Austria 1997 77.51000
## 1286 Bahrain 1997 73.92500
## 1287 Bangladesh 1997 59.41200
## 1288 Belgium 1997 77.53000
## 1289 Benin 1997 54.77700
## 1290 Bolivia 1997 62.05000
## 1291 Bosnia and Herzegovina 1997 73.24400
## 1292 Botswana 1997 52.55600
## 1293 Brazil 1997 69.38800
## 1294 Bulgaria 1997 70.32000
## 1295 Burkina Faso 1997 50.32400
## 1296 Burundi 1997 45.32600
## 1297 Cambodia 1997 56.53400
## 1298 Cameroon 1997 52.19900
## 1299 Canada 1997 78.61000
## 1300 Central African Republic 1997 46.06600
## 1301 Chad 1997 51.57300
## 1302 Chile 1997 75.81600
## 1303 China 1997 70.42600
## 1304 Colombia 1997 70.31300
## 1305 Comoros 1997 60.66000
## 1306 Congo, Dem. Rep. 1997 42.58700
## 1307 Congo, Rep. 1997 52.96200
## 1308 Costa Rica 1997 77.26000
## 1309 Cote d'Ivoire 1997 47.99100
## 1310 Croatia 1997 73.68000
## 1311 Cuba 1997 76.15100
## 1312 Czech Republic 1997 74.01000
## 1313 Denmark 1997 76.11000
## 1314 Djibouti 1997 53.15700
## 1315 Dominican Republic 1997 69.95700
## 1316 Ecuador 1997 72.31200
## 1317 Egypt 1997 67.21700
## 1318 El Salvador 1997 69.53500
## 1319 Equatorial Guinea 1997 48.24500
## 1320 Eritrea 1997 53.37800
## 1321 Ethiopia 1997 49.40200
## 1322 Finland 1997 77.13000
## 1323 France 1997 78.64000
## 1324 Gabon 1997 60.46100
## 1325 Gambia 1997 55.86100
## 1326 Germany 1997 77.34000
## 1327 Ghana 1997 58.55600
## 1328 Greece 1997 77.86900
## 1329 Guatemala 1997 66.32200
## 1330 Guinea 1997 51.45500
## 1331 Guinea-Bissau 1997 44.87300
## 1332 Haiti 1997 56.67100
## 1333 Honduras 1997 67.65900
## 1334 Hong Kong, China 1997 80.00000
## 1335 Hungary 1997 71.04000
## 1336 Iceland 1997 78.95000
## 1337 India 1997 61.76500
## 1338 Indonesia 1997 66.04100
## 1339 Iran 1997 68.04200
## 1340 Iraq 1997 58.81100
## 1341 Ireland 1997 76.12200
## 1342 Israel 1997 78.26900
## 1343 Italy 1997 78.82000
## 1344 Jamaica 1997 72.26200
## 1345 Japan 1997 80.69000
## 1346 Jordan 1997 69.77200
## 1347 Kenya 1997 54.40700
## 1348 Korea, Dem. Rep. 1997 67.72700
## 1349 Korea, Rep. 1997 74.64700
## 1350 Kuwait 1997 76.15600
## 1351 Lebanon 1997 70.26500
## 1352 Lesotho 1997 55.55800
## 1353 Liberia 1997 42.22100
## 1354 Libya 1997 71.55500
## 1355 Madagascar 1997 54.97800
## 1356 Malawi 1997 47.49500
## 1357 Malaysia 1997 71.93800
## 1358 Mali 1997 49.90300
## 1359 Mauritania 1997 60.43000
## 1360 Mauritius 1997 70.73600
## 1361 Mexico 1997 73.67000
## 1362 Mongolia 1997 63.62500
## 1363 Montenegro 1997 75.44500
## 1364 Morocco 1997 67.66000
## 1365 Mozambique 1997 46.34400
## 1366 Myanmar 1997 60.32800
## 1367 Namibia 1997 58.90900
## 1368 Nepal 1997 59.42600
## 1369 Netherlands 1997 78.03000
## 1370 New Zealand 1997 77.55000
## 1371 Nicaragua 1997 68.42600
## 1372 Niger 1997 51.31300
## 1373 Nigeria 1997 47.46400
## 1374 Norway 1997 78.32000
## 1375 Oman 1997 72.49900
## 1376 Pakistan 1997 61.81800
## 1377 Panama 1997 73.73800
## 1378 Paraguay 1997 69.40000
## 1379 Peru 1997 68.38600
## 1380 Philippines 1997 68.56400
## 1381 Poland 1997 72.75000
## 1382 Portugal 1997 75.97000
## 1383 Puerto Rico 1997 74.91700
## 1384 Reunion 1997 74.77200
## 1385 Romania 1997 69.72000
## 1386 Rwanda 1997 36.08700
## 1387 Sao Tome and Principe 1997 63.30600
## 1388 Saudi Arabia 1997 70.53300
## 1389 Senegal 1997 60.18700
## 1390 Serbia 1997 72.23200
## 1391 Sierra Leone 1997 39.89700
## 1392 Singapore 1997 77.15800
## 1393 Slovak Republic 1997 72.71000
## 1394 Slovenia 1997 75.13000
## 1395 Somalia 1997 43.79500
## 1396 South Africa 1997 60.23600
## 1397 Spain 1997 78.77000
## 1398 Sri Lanka 1997 70.45700
## 1399 Sudan 1997 55.37300
## 1400 Swaziland 1997 54.28900
## 1401 Sweden 1997 79.39000
## 1402 Switzerland 1997 79.37000
## 1403 Syria 1997 71.52700
## 1404 Taiwan 1997 75.25000
## 1405 Tanzania 1997 48.46600
## 1406 Thailand 1997 67.52100
## 1407 Togo 1997 58.39000
## 1408 Trinidad and Tobago 1997 69.46500
## 1409 Tunisia 1997 71.97300
## 1410 Turkey 1997 68.83500
## 1411 Uganda 1997 44.57800
## 1412 United Kingdom 1997 77.21800
## 1413 United States 1997 76.81000
## 1414 Uruguay 1997 74.22300
## 1415 Venezuela 1997 72.14600
## 1416 Vietnam 1997 70.67200
## 1417 West Bank and Gaza 1997 71.09600
## 1418 Yemen, Rep. 1997 58.02000
## 1419 Zambia 1997 40.23800
## 1420 Zimbabwe 1997 46.80900
## 1421 Afghanistan 2002 42.12900
## 1422 Albania 2002 75.65100
## 1423 Algeria 2002 70.99400
## 1424 Angola 2002 41.00300
## 1425 Argentina 2002 74.34000
## 1426 Australia 2002 80.37000
## 1427 Austria 2002 78.98000
## 1428 Bahrain 2002 74.79500
## 1429 Bangladesh 2002 62.01300
## 1430 Belgium 2002 78.32000
## 1431 Benin 2002 54.40600
## 1432 Bolivia 2002 63.88300
## 1433 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2002 74.09000
## 1434 Botswana 2002 46.63400
## 1435 Brazil 2002 71.00600
## 1436 Bulgaria 2002 72.14000
## 1437 Burkina Faso 2002 50.65000
## 1438 Burundi 2002 47.36000
## 1439 Cambodia 2002 56.75200
## 1440 Cameroon 2002 49.85600
## 1441 Canada 2002 79.77000
## 1442 Central African Republic 2002 43.30800
## 1443 Chad 2002 50.52500
## 1444 Chile 2002 77.86000
## 1445 China 2002 72.02800
## 1446 Colombia 2002 71.68200
## 1447 Comoros 2002 62.97400
## 1448 Congo, Dem. Rep. 2002 44.96600
## 1449 Congo, Rep. 2002 52.97000
## 1450 Costa Rica 2002 78.12300
## 1451 Cote d'Ivoire 2002 46.83200
## 1452 Croatia 2002 74.87600
## 1453 Cuba 2002 77.15800
## 1454 Czech Republic 2002 75.51000
## 1455 Denmark 2002 77.18000
## 1456 Djibouti 2002 53.37300
## 1457 Dominican Republic 2002 70.84700
## 1458 Ecuador 2002 74.17300
## 1459 Egypt 2002 69.80600
## 1460 El Salvador 2002 70.73400
## 1461 Equatorial Guinea 2002 49.34800
## 1462 Eritrea 2002 55.24000
## 1463 Ethiopia 2002 50.72500
## 1464 Finland 2002 78.37000
## 1465 France 2002 79.59000
## 1466 Gabon 2002 56.76100
## 1467 Gambia 2002 58.04100
## 1468 Germany 2002 78.67000
## 1469 Ghana 2002 58.45300
## 1470 Greece 2002 78.25600
## 1471 Guatemala 2002 68.97800
## 1472 Guinea 2002 53.67600
## 1473 Guinea-Bissau 2002 45.50400
## 1474 Haiti 2002 58.13700
## 1475 Honduras 2002 68.56500
## 1476 Hong Kong, China 2002 81.49500
## 1477 Hungary 2002 72.59000
## 1478 Iceland 2002 80.50000
## 1479 India 2002 62.87900
## 1480 Indonesia 2002 68.58800
## 1481 Iran 2002 69.45100
## 1482 Iraq 2002 57.04600
## 1483 Ireland 2002 77.78300
## 1484 Israel 2002 79.69600
## 1485 Italy 2002 80.24000
## 1486 Jamaica 2002 72.04700
## 1487 Japan 2002 82.00000
## 1488 Jordan 2002 71.26300
## 1489 Kenya 2002 50.99200
## 1490 Korea, Dem. Rep. 2002 66.66200
## 1491 Korea, Rep. 2002 77.04500
## 1492 Kuwait 2002 76.90400
## 1493 Lebanon 2002 71.02800
## 1494 Lesotho 2002 44.59300
## 1495 Liberia 2002 43.75300
## 1496 Libya 2002 72.73700
## 1497 Madagascar 2002 57.28600
## 1498 Malawi 2002 45.00900
## 1499 Malaysia 2002 73.04400
## 1500 Mali 2002 51.81800
## 1501 Mauritania 2002 62.24700
## 1502 Mauritius 2002 71.95400
## 1503 Mexico 2002 74.90200
## 1504 Mongolia 2002 65.03300
## 1505 Montenegro 2002 73.98100
## 1506 Morocco 2002 69.61500
## 1507 Mozambique 2002 44.02600
## 1508 Myanmar 2002 59.90800
## 1509 Namibia 2002 51.47900
## 1510 Nepal 2002 61.34000
## 1511 Netherlands 2002 78.53000
## 1512 New Zealand 2002 79.11000
## 1513 Nicaragua 2002 70.83600
## 1514 Niger 2002 54.49600
## 1515 Nigeria 2002 46.60800
## 1516 Norway 2002 79.05000
## 1517 Oman 2002 74.19300
## 1518 Pakistan 2002 63.61000
## 1519 Panama 2002 74.71200
## 1520 Paraguay 2002 70.75500
## 1521 Peru 2002 69.90600
## 1522 Philippines 2002 70.30300
## 1523 Poland 2002 74.67000
## 1524 Portugal 2002 77.29000
## 1525 Puerto Rico 2002 77.77800
## 1526 Reunion 2002 75.74400
## 1527 Romania 2002 71.32200
## 1528 Rwanda 2002 43.41300
## 1529 Sao Tome and Principe 2002 64.33700
## 1530 Saudi Arabia 2002 71.62600
## 1531 Senegal 2002 61.60000
## 1532 Serbia 2002 73.21300
## 1533 Sierra Leone 2002 41.01200
## 1534 Singapore 2002 78.77000
## 1535 Slovak Republic 2002 73.80000
## 1536 Slovenia 2002 76.66000
## 1537 Somalia 2002 45.93600
## 1538 South Africa 2002 53.36500
## 1539 Spain 2002 79.78000
## 1540 Sri Lanka 2002 70.81500
## 1541 Sudan 2002 56.36900
## 1542 Swaziland 2002 43.86900
## 1543 Sweden 2002 80.04000
## 1544 Switzerland 2002 80.62000
## 1545 Syria 2002 73.05300
## 1546 Taiwan 2002 76.99000
## 1547 Tanzania 2002 49.65100
## 1548 Thailand 2002 68.56400
## 1549 Togo 2002 57.56100
## 1550 Trinidad and Tobago 2002 68.97600
## 1551 Tunisia 2002 73.04200
## 1552 Turkey 2002 70.84500
## 1553 Uganda 2002 47.81300
## 1554 United Kingdom 2002 78.47100
## 1555 United States 2002 77.31000
## 1556 Uruguay 2002 75.30700
## 1557 Venezuela 2002 72.76600
## 1558 Vietnam 2002 73.01700
## 1559 West Bank and Gaza 2002 72.37000
## 1560 Yemen, Rep. 2002 60.30800
## 1561 Zambia 2002 39.19300
## 1562 Zimbabwe 2002 39.98900
## 1563 Afghanistan 2007 43.82800
## 1564 Albania 2007 76.42300
## 1565 Algeria 2007 72.30100
## 1566 Angola 2007 42.73100
## 1567 Argentina 2007 75.32000
## 1568 Australia 2007 81.23500
## 1569 Austria 2007 79.82900
## 1570 Bahrain 2007 75.63500
## 1571 Bangladesh 2007 64.06200
## 1572 Belgium 2007 79.44100
## 1573 Benin 2007 56.72800
## 1574 Bolivia 2007 65.55400
## 1575 Bosnia and Herzegovina 2007 74.85200
## 1576 Botswana 2007 50.72800
## 1577 Brazil 2007 72.39000
## 1578 Bulgaria 2007 73.00500
## 1579 Burkina Faso 2007 52.29500
## 1580 Burundi 2007 49.58000
## 1581 Cambodia 2007 59.72300
## 1582 Cameroon 2007 50.43000
## 1583 Canada 2007 80.65300
## 1584 Central African Republic 2007 44.74100
## 1585 Chad 2007 50.65100
## 1586 Chile 2007 78.55300
## 1587 China 2007 72.96100
## 1588 Colombia 2007 72.88900
## 1589 Comoros 2007 65.15200
## 1590 Congo, Dem. Rep. 2007 46.46200
## 1591 Congo, Rep. 2007 55.32200
## 1592 Costa Rica 2007 78.78200
## 1593 Cote d'Ivoire 2007 48.32800
## 1594 Croatia 2007 75.74800
## 1595 Cuba 2007 78.27300
## 1596 Czech Republic 2007 76.48600
## 1597 Denmark 2007 78.33200
## 1598 Djibouti 2007 54.79100
## 1599 Dominican Republic 2007 72.23500
## 1600 Ecuador 2007 74.99400
## 1601 Egypt 2007 71.33800
## 1602 El Salvador 2007 71.87800
## 1603 Equatorial Guinea 2007 51.57900
## 1604 Eritrea 2007 58.04000
## 1605 Ethiopia 2007 52.94700
## 1606 Finland 2007 79.31300
## 1607 France 2007 80.65700
## 1608 Gabon 2007 56.73500
## 1609 Gambia 2007 59.44800
## 1610 Germany 2007 79.40600
## 1611 Ghana 2007 60.02200
## 1612 Greece 2007 79.48300
## 1613 Guatemala 2007 70.25900
## 1614 Guinea 2007 56.00700
## 1615 Guinea-Bissau 2007 46.38800
## 1616 Haiti 2007 60.91600
## 1617 Honduras 2007 70.19800
## 1618 Hong Kong, China 2007 82.20800
## 1619 Hungary 2007 73.33800
## 1620 Iceland 2007 81.75700
## 1621 India 2007 64.69800
## 1622 Indonesia 2007 70.65000
## 1623 Iran 2007 70.96400
## 1624 Iraq 2007 59.54500
## 1625 Ireland 2007 78.88500
## 1626 Israel 2007 80.74500
## 1627 Italy 2007 80.54600
## 1628 Jamaica 2007 72.56700
## 1629 Japan 2007 82.60300
## 1630 Jordan 2007 72.53500
## 1631 Kenya 2007 54.11000
## 1632 Korea, Dem. Rep. 2007 67.29700
## 1633 Korea, Rep. 2007 78.62300
## 1634 Kuwait 2007 77.58800
## 1635 Lebanon 2007 71.99300
## 1636 Lesotho 2007 42.59200
## 1637 Liberia 2007 45.67800
## 1638 Libya 2007 73.95200
## 1639 Madagascar 2007 59.44300
## 1640 Malawi 2007 48.30300
## 1641 Malaysia 2007 74.24100
## 1642 Mali 2007 54.46700
## 1643 Mauritania 2007 64.16400
## 1644 Mauritius 2007 72.80100
## 1645 Mexico 2007 76.19500
## 1646 Mongolia 2007 66.80300
## 1647 Montenegro 2007 74.54300
## 1648 Morocco 2007 71.16400
## 1649 Mozambique 2007 42.08200
## 1650 Myanmar 2007 62.06900
## 1651 Namibia 2007 52.90600
## 1652 Nepal 2007 63.78500
## 1653 Netherlands 2007 79.76200
## 1654 New Zealand 2007 80.20400
## 1655 Nicaragua 2007 72.89900
## 1656 Niger 2007 56.86700
## 1657 Nigeria 2007 46.85900
## 1658 Norway 2007 80.19600
## 1659 Oman 2007 75.64000
## 1660 Pakistan 2007 65.48300
## 1661 Panama 2007 75.53700
## 1662 Paraguay 2007 71.75200
## 1663 Peru 2007 71.42100
## 1664 Philippines 2007 71.68800
## 1665 Poland 2007 75.56300
## 1666 Portugal 2007 78.09800
## 1667 Puerto Rico 2007 78.74600
## 1668 Reunion 2007 76.44200
## 1669 Romania 2007 72.47600
## 1670 Rwanda 2007 46.24200
## 1671 Sao Tome and Principe 2007 65.52800
## 1672 Saudi Arabia 2007 72.77700
## 1673 Senegal 2007 63.06200
## 1674 Serbia 2007 74.00200
## 1675 Sierra Leone 2007 42.56800
## 1676 Singapore 2007 79.97200
## 1677 Slovak Republic 2007 74.66300
## 1678 Slovenia 2007 77.92600
## 1679 Somalia 2007 48.15900
## 1680 South Africa 2007 49.33900
## 1681 Spain 2007 80.94100
## 1682 Sri Lanka 2007 72.39600
## 1683 Sudan 2007 58.55600
## 1684 Swaziland 2007 39.61300
## 1685 Sweden 2007 80.88400
## 1686 Switzerland 2007 81.70100
## 1687 Syria 2007 74.14300
## 1688 Taiwan 2007 78.40000
## 1689 Tanzania 2007 52.51700
## 1690 Thailand 2007 70.61600
## 1691 Togo 2007 58.42000
## 1692 Trinidad and Tobago 2007 69.81900
## 1693 Tunisia 2007 73.92300
## 1694 Turkey 2007 71.77700
## 1695 Uganda 2007 51.54200
## 1696 United Kingdom 2007 79.42500
## 1697 United States 2007 78.24200
## 1698 Uruguay 2007 76.38400
## 1699 Venezuela 2007 73.74700
## 1700 Vietnam 2007 74.24900
## 1701 West Bank and Gaza 2007 73.42200
## 1702 Yemen, Rep. 2007 62.69800
## 1703 Zambia 2007 42.38400
## 1704 Zimbabwe 2007 43.48700Example 1
library(tidyverse)
library(gapminder)
p <- ggplot(data = gapminder, mapping = aes(x = gdpPercap, y = lifeExp))
p + geom_point() + geom_smooth() ## `geom_smooth()` using method = 'gam' and formula 'y ~ s(x, bs = "cs")'
Install and load the packages (I have installed all the packages needed so I add “#” to not run it again. If you haven’t installed these packages, delete the “#” and run the installation codes.)
#install.packages("ggplot2")
#install.packages("GGally")
#install.packages("ggExtra")
#install.packages("ggalluvial")
#install.packages("plotly")
# Please install it but do not load it for now.
#install.packages("cowplot")
library("ggplot2")
library("GGally")## Registered S3 method overwritten by 'GGally':
## method from
## +.gg ggplot2library("ggExtra")
library("ggalluvial")
library("plotly")##
## Attaching package: 'plotly'## The following object is masked from 'package:ggplot2':
##
## last_plot## The following object is masked from 'package:stats':
##
## filter## The following object is masked from 'package:graphics':
##
## layout# Load already installed packages
library("data.table")##
## Attaching package: 'data.table'## The following object is masked from 'package:purrr':
##
## transpose## The following objects are masked from 'package:dplyr':
##
## between, first, last## The following objects are masked from 'package:reshape2':
##
## dcast, meltggplot2::ggplot()
Import dataset from six countries: “Mexico”, “Uruguay”, “Japan”, “Germany”, “New Zealand”, “Lebanon” About the dataset: we will use the 2015 administration of the OECD’s Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). PISA is a large-scale, international assessment that involves students, parents, teachers, and school principals from all over the world as participants. Every three years, PISA tests 15-year-old students from all over the world in reading, mathematics and science. The tests are designed to learn how well the students master key subjects in order to be prepared for real-life situations in the adult world. It also looks for the best practice.
setwd("/Users/amanda/Desktop/TC/2021 fall/applied data/week3") #you need to change my file location to your file location where the dataset "pisa2015.csv" is located.
pisa <- fread("pisa2015.csv", na.strings = "")Tidy
#head(pisa)[1:10]Transform Convert a dichtomous item (yes/no) to numeric scoring
bin.to.num <- function(x){
if (is.na(x)) NA
else if (x == "Yes") 1L
else if (x == "No") 0L
}create some variables
pisa[, `:=`
(female = ifelse(ST004D01T == "Female", 1, 0),
sex = ST004D01T,
# At my house we have ...
computer = sapply(ST011Q04TA, bin.to.num),
software = sapply(ST011Q05TA, bin.to.num),
internet = sapply(ST011Q06TA, bin.to.num))]
pisa[, `:=`
(math = rowMeans(pisa[, c(paste0("PV", 1:10, "MATH"))], na.rm = TRUE),
reading = rowMeans(pisa[, c(paste0("PV", 1:10, "READ"))], na.rm = TRUE),
science = rowMeans(pisa[, c(paste0("PV", 1:10, "SCIE"))], na.rm = TRUE))]select some variables
country <- c("Mexico", "Japan","Germany", "Uruguay", "New Zealand", "Lebanon")
dat <- pisa[CNT %in% country,
.(CNT, OECD, CNTSTUID, W_FSTUWT, sex, female,
ST001D01T, computer, software, internet,
ST011Q05TA, ST071Q02NA, ST071Q01NA, ST123Q02NA,
ST082Q01NA, ST119Q01NA, ST119Q05NA, ANXTEST,
COOPERATE, BELONG, EMOSUPS, HOMESCH, ENTUSE,
ICTHOME, ICTSCH, WEALTH, PARED, TMINS, ESCS,
TEACHSUP, TDTEACH, IBTEACH, SCIEEFF,
math, reading, science)
] #Variables and description: Table 5.1create additional variables by recoding some of the existing variables
dat <- dat[, `:=` (
# New grade variable
grade = (as.numeric(sapply(ST001D01T, function(x) {
if(x=="Grade 7") "7"
else if (x=="Grade 8") "8"
else if (x=="Grade 9") "9"
else if (x=="Grade 10") "10"
else if (x=="Grade 11") "11"
else if (x=="Grade 12") "12"
else if (x=="Grade 13") NA_character_
else if (x=="Ungraded") NA_character_}))),
# Total learning time as hours
learning = round(TMINS/60, 0),
# Regions for selected countries
Region = (sapply(CNT, function(x) {
if(x %in% c("Mexico")) "N. America"
else if (x %in% c( "Uruguay")) "S. America"
else if (x %in% c("Japan")) "Asia"
else if (x %in% c("Germany")) "Europe"
else if (x %in% c( "New Zealand")) "Australia"
else if (x %in% c("Lebanon")) "Middle-East"
}))
)]N count for the final dataset
dat[,.N] # 35847 rows## [1] 35847Let’s preview the final data
head(dat)## CNT OECD CNTSTUID W_FSTUWT sex female ST001D01T computer software
## 1: Germany Yes 27605365 94.71886 Female 1 Grade 9 1 1
## 2: Germany Yes 27601858 94.71886 Female 1 Grade 9 1 1
## 3: Germany Yes 27602008 94.71886 Female 1 Grade 9 1 0
## 4: Germany Yes 27601867 101.08900 Male 0 Grade 9 1 1
## 5: Germany Yes 27601457 101.08900 Male 0 Grade 9 1 1
## 6: Germany Yes 27609865 101.08900 Male 0 Grade 9 1 1
## internet ST011Q05TA ST071Q02NA ST071Q01NA ST123Q02NA ST082Q01NA
## 1: 1 Yes 2 1 Agree Agree
## 2: 1 Yes 6 4 Strongly agree Agree
## 3: 1 No 1 1 Strongly agree Agree
## 4: 1 Yes 1 1 Strongly agree Strongly agree
## 5: 1 Yes 1 0 Strongly agree Strongly agree
## 6: 1 Yes 7 1 Agree Strongly agree
## ST119Q01NA ST119Q05NA ANXTEST COOPERATE BELONG EMOSUPS
## 1: Strongly disagree Strongly disagree -0.0345 -0.2882 0.0171 -1.5266
## 2: Disagree Disagree -0.5792 1.0205 0.6642 1.0991
## 3: Strongly agree Agree -0.4331 2.2879 1.5043 1.0991
## 4: Agree Disagree 1.8135 0.9675 0.0048 1.0991
## 5: Agree Agree 0.6007 0.7898 -1.7499 1.0991
## 6: Strongly agree Agree -0.0582 0.6615 0.9357 0.0250
## HOMESCH ENTUSE ICTHOME ICTSCH WEALTH PARED TMINS ESCS TEACHSUP TDTEACH
## 1: -0.5712 -0.4097 NA NA 1.0228 15 1350 0.3306 -0.8040 -0.8671
## 2: -0.8913 -0.7527 NA NA -0.2249 13 1620 -0.4779 0.4879 -0.6849
## 3: 0.3373 0.4811 NA NA 1.3528 18 NA 0.9317 1.4475 0.5252
## 4: 0.0631 -0.1772 NA NA 2.3511 13 1620 0.6614 1.4475 0.9477
## 5: 0.1053 -0.0269 NA NA 0.3228 10 1620 -0.1385 0.0838 2.0781
## 6: -0.2290 0.3594 NA NA 0.2763 15 1620 0.2320 -0.3478 0.4505
## IBTEACH SCIEEFF math reading science grade learning Region
## 1: -0.6081 NA 487.5435 529.1613 502.8598 9 22 Europe
## 2: -0.1573 -2.8303 464.7986 516.5613 487.9087 9 27 Europe
## 3: 0.9882 -2.0922 595.8506 657.5961 579.7019 9 NA Europe
## 4: 2.4937 -0.4044 577.6913 546.5353 553.7394 9 27 Europe
## 5: 2.3047 0.1155 519.0156 471.8701 467.8655 9 27 Europe
## 6: 0.5711 0.3155 541.2141 540.0169 538.2691 9 27 EuropeResearch Question 1: To what extent was the six countries’ performance good or bad in PISA 2015?
Visualise
#create a simple bar graph
science_summary <- dat[,
.(Science = mean(science, na.rm = TRUE), #average science scores by country
Freq = .N),
by = c("CNT")]
head(science_summary)## CNT Science Freq
## 1: Germany 512.2072 6504
## 2: Japan 538.7714 6647
## 3: Lebanon 390.7970 4546
## 4: Mexico 420.3332 7568
## 5: New Zealand 513.7503 4520
## 6: Uruguay 437.0207 6062ggplot(data = science_summary,
mapping = aes(x = CNT, y = Science)) +
geom_bar(stat = "identity", position = "dodge") +
coord_flip() +
labs(x = "country", y = "Science Scores") +
theme_bw()
#create a boxplot
ggplot(data = dat, mapping = aes(x = CNT, y = science)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(x=NULL, y="Science Scores") +
theme_bw()
#switch x-axis and y-axis by using coord_flip() function
ggplot(data = dat,
mapping = aes(x = CNT, y = science)) +
geom_boxplot() +
labs(x="Country", y="Science Scores", title = "Six Countries' Science Scores in PISA 2015") +
coord_flip() +
theme_bw()
#show the mean values in boxplot
means <- dat[,
.(science = mean(science)),
by = CNT]
ggplot(data = dat,
mapping = aes(x = reorder(CNT, science), y = science)) +
geom_boxplot() +
stat_summary(fun.y = mean, colour = "blue", geom = "point",
shape = 18, size = 3) + #mean score by countries
labs(x="Country", y="Science Scores", title = "Six Countries' Science Scores in PISA 2015",
subtitle = "Mexico, Japan, Germany, Uruguay, New Zealand, Lebanon") +
coord_flip() +
geom_hline(yintercept = 493, linetype="dashed", color = "red", size = 1) + #refence line-the average score across 6 countries
theme_bw()## Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
#add some colors to our figure based on the region
ggplot(data = dat,
mapping = aes(x = reorder(CNT, science), y = science, fill = Region)) +
geom_boxplot() +
stat_summary(fun.y = mean, colour = "blue", geom = "point",
shape = 18, size = 3) + #mean score by countries
labs(x="Country", y="Science Scores", title = "Six Countries' Science Scores in PISA 2015",
subtitle = "Mexico, Japan, Germany, Uruguay, New Zealand, Lebanon") +
coord_flip() +
geom_hline(yintercept = 493, linetype="dashed", color = "red", size = 1) +
theme_bw()## Warning: `fun.y` is deprecated. Use `fun` instead.
#science scores by gender and region
ggplot(data = dat,
mapping = aes(x = science, fill = Region)) +
geom_histogram(alpha = 0.5, bins = 50) +
labs(x = "Science Scores", y = "Count",
title = "Science Scores by Gender and Region") +
facet_grid(. ~ sex) +
theme_bw()
#Create a correlation matrix plot
ggcorr(data = dat[,.(science, math, reading, ICTHOME, ESCS,
WEALTH, PARED, SCIEEFF, BELONG, grade)],
method = c("pairwise.complete.obs", "pearson"),
label = TRUE, label_size = 4)
Learning Time and Science Scores
#Plotting the conditional (x-y) relationship of continuous variables
dat_small <- dat[,.SD[sample(.N, min(500,.N))], by = Region]
p1 <- ggplot(data = dat_small,
mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
theme_bw()
p1## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
Learning Time and Science Scores
#Plotting the conditional (x-y) relationship
p2 <- ggplot(data = dat_small,
mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science,
colour = sex)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position = "bottom",
legend.title = element_blank())
p2## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
Learning Time and Science Scores by Gender and Region
#Plotting the conditional (x-y) relationship
ggplot(data = dat_small,
mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science, fill = Region)) +
geom_point(aes(colour = sex)) +
geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
theme_bw()## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
Learning Time and Science Scores by Gender and Region
ggplot(data = dat_small,
mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.title = element_blank()) +
facet_grid(sex ~ Region)## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
Learning Time and Science Scores by Gender and Region
#Plotting the conditional (x-y) relationship and marginal density of continuous variables
p2 <- ggplot(data = dat_small,
mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science,
colour = sex)) +
geom_point() +
geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
theme_bw() +
theme(legend.position = "bottom",
legend.title = element_blank())
ggMarginal(p2, type = "density", groupColour = TRUE, groupFill = TRUE)## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
dat_alluvial <- dat[,
.(Freq = .N),
by = c("Region", "sex", "ST123Q02NA")
][,
ST123Q02NA := as.factor(ifelse(ST123Q02NA == "", "Missing", ST123Q02NA))
]
levels(dat_alluvial$ST123Q02NA) <- c("Strongly disagree", "Disagree", "Agree",
"Strongly agree", "Missing")
head(dat_alluvial)## Region sex ST123Q02NA Freq
## 1: Europe Female Strongly disagree 822
## 2: Europe Female Agree 1775
## 3: Europe Male Agree 1645
## 4: Europe Male Strongly disagree 910
## 5: Europe Female Disagree 183
## 6: Europe Male <NA> 546ggplot(data = dat_alluvial,
aes(axis1 = Region, axis2 = ST123Q02NA, y = Freq)) +
scale_x_discrete(limits = c("Region", "Parents supporting\nachievement"),
expand = c(.1, .05)) +
geom_alluvium(aes(fill = sex)) +
geom_stratum() +
geom_text(stat = "stratum", label.strata = TRUE) +
labs(x = "Demographics", y = "Frequency", fill = "Gender") +
theme_bw()## Warning: Computation failed in `stat_stratum()`:
## The parameter `label.strata` is defunct.
## use `aes(label = after_stat(stratum))`.
create plot for color-blind people
ggplot(data = dat_small,
mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science, fill = Region)) +
geom_point(aes(colour = sex)) +
geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
theme_bw()## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).
cbPalette <- c("#E69F00", "#56B4E9", "#009E73", "#F0E442", "#0072B2", "#D55E00", "#CC79A7")
ggplot(data = dat_small,
mapping = aes(x = learning, y = science, fill = Region)) +
geom_point(aes(colour = sex) ) +
geom_smooth(method = "loess") +
labs(x = "Weekly Learning Time", y = "Science Scores") +
theme_bw()+
scale_fill_manual(values=cbPalette)+
scale_colour_manual(values=cbPalette)## `geom_smooth()` using formula 'y ~ x'## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing non-finite values (stat_smooth).
## Warning: Removed 904 rows containing missing values (geom_point).